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2014 (2)

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Book
Working toward better pay : earnings dynamics in ghana and tanzania
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1464802076 1464802092 Year: 2014 Publisher: Washington : World Bank,

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Abstract

Improving the returns to labor for low-paid workers is a key policy challenge, especially in low-income countries (LICs) where earnings increases are the single most important source of poverty reduction and an important engine of shared prosperity. Yet, the understanding of individual earnings dynamics remains limited. The small--but growing--body of empirical literature on the factors leading to larger and faster pay increases points to strong persistence in earnings over time. However, it remains unclear to what extent this is due to differences in individual endowments rather than to the fact that being in low-paying jobs itself undermines future earnings prospects, and to what extent determinants of earnings vary across types of activities and sectors. The knowledge gap is particularly large for LICs due to the limited availability of reliable panel data. This study uses unusually rich longitudinal data from Ghana and Tanzania to identify engines of, and barriers to, earnings and earnings mobility. It examines the relative role of individual endowments--such as gender, age, and skills--and characteristics of the job, but also focuses on the role of job switches--for example, moves into and out of self-employment. The analysis also zooms in on the drivers of transitions between low-paying and high-paying jobs and addresses questions such as whether being low paid is a transitory or permanent phenomenon, and whether it has a scarring effect on an individual's employment prospects. The extent to which earnings dynamics differ for women and young adults is also discussed in detail. Tanzania and Ghana provide a particularly relevant context in which to examine these issues and the cross-country comparison helps shed light on the institutional factors that promote labor market mobility and entrepreneurship.

Keywords

Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Entrepreneurship --- Entrepreneur --- Intrapreneur --- Capitalism --- Business incubators --- Ghana. --- Tanzania. --- Ab'i͡adnanai͡a Rėspublika Tanzanii͡ --- Henōmenē Dēmokratia tēs Tanzanias --- Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania --- Obedinena republika Tanzanii͡ --- Obʺedinennai͡a Respublika Tanzanii͡ --- Ob'i͡ednana Respublika Tanzanii͡ --- Tʻan-sang-ni-ya --- Tanganyika and Zanzibar --- Tʻanjania --- Tansangniya --- Tansania --- Tanzanie --- Tanzanier --- Tanzanii͡ --- Tanzanija --- Tānzāniy --- Ujedinjena Republika Tanzanija --- United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar --- United Republic of Tanzania --- Tanzania --- Chia-na --- Dēmokratia tēs Gkanas --- Gáana --- Gana --- Gana ka Fasojamana --- Gana Konghwaguk --- Gana Respublikaḣy --- Ganæ --- Ganah --- Ganao --- Ganmudin Orn --- Ghana --- Ghana Vabariik --- Ghanako Errepublika --- Ghaney --- Ghanská republika --- Gkana --- Gold Coast --- Government of Ghana --- Gweriniaeth Ghana --- IGana --- Ochíchìíwú Ghana --- Pobblaght ny Ganey --- Poblachd Ghàna --- Poblacht Ghána --- Qana --- Qana Respublikası --- Repubblica del Ghana --- Republic of Ghana --- República de Ghana --- Rèpublica du Gana --- Republik Ghana --- Republika Gana --- Republiḳat Ganah --- République du Ghana --- Rėspublika Hana --- Respublikæ Ganæ --- Tjóðveldið Gana --- Yn Ghaney --- Africa --- Dēmokratia tēs Gkanas --- Gáana --- Gana Respublikaḣy --- Ganæ --- Ghanská republika --- Ochíchìíwú Ghana --- Poblachd Ghàna --- Poblacht Ghána --- Qana Respublikası --- República de Ghana --- Rèpublica du Gana --- RepublikÌ£at Ganah --- République du Ghana --- Rėspublika Hana --- Respublikæ Ganæ --- Tjóðveldið Gana --- D�emokratia t�es Gkanas --- G�aana --- Gana Respublika�hy --- Gan� --- Ghansk�a republika --- Och�ich�i�iw�u Ghana --- Poblachd Gh�ana --- Poblacht Gh�ana --- Qana Respublikas� --- Rep�ublica de Ghana --- R�epublica du Gana --- Republi�kat Ganah --- R�epublique du Ghana --- R�espublika Hana --- Respublik� Gan� --- Tj�o�veldi� Gana


Book
Entrepreneurship education and training programs in sub-saharan africa : insights from kenya, .
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 1464802785 1464802793 Year: 2014 Publisher: [Place of publication not identified] : World Bank,

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Abstract

Empirical research has found that entrepreneurial activity correlates positively with innovation and job creation, and governments around the world have shown a growing interest in interventions that promote entrepreneurial success. However, research on whether entrepreneurial success can be taught has reached mixed conclusions, and even the landscape of what is being taught is poorly known. This study looks closely at entrepreneurial education and training (EET) programs in three case study countries in Africa-Kenya, Ghana, and Mozambique-which are all experiencing sustained economic growth a

Keywords

Business. --- Educational assistance -- Evaluation. --- Entrepreneurship -- Study and teaching. --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Entrepreneurship. --- Career development. --- Career advancement --- Career ladder --- Career management --- Career planning --- Development, Career --- Development, Professional --- Employee development --- Organizational career development --- Professional development --- Entrepreneur --- Intrapreneur --- Personnel management --- Vocational guidance --- Capitalism --- Business incubators --- Ghana. --- Kenya. --- Mozambique. --- Mo-san-pi-kʻo --- Moçambique --- Mosambiek --- Mosambik --- Mozambico --- Mozambik --- Mozambique --- Msumbiji --- Narodnai͡a Respublika Mozambik --- NR Mozambik --- People's Republic of Mozambique --- Portugal --- Portuguese East Africa --- República de Moçambique --- República Popular de Moçambique --- State of Mozambique --- Volksrepublik Mosambik --- Cenia --- Chenia --- Colony and Protectorate of Kenya --- East Africa Protectorate --- GOK --- Government of Kenya --- Jamhuri ya Kenya --- Kenia --- Kenii͡ --- Kenniya --- Kenya Colony and Protectorate --- Ḳenyah --- Kīniy --- Kīny --- Quênia --- Republic of Kenya --- Chia-na --- Dēmokratia tēs Gkanas --- Gáana --- Gana --- Gana ka Fasojamana --- Gana Konghwaguk --- Gana Respublikaḣy --- Ganæ --- Ganah --- Ganao --- Ganmudin Orn --- Ghana --- Ghana Vabariik --- Ghanako Errepublika --- Ghaney --- Ghanská republika --- Gkana --- Gold Coast --- Government of Ghana --- Gweriniaeth Ghana --- IGana --- Ochíchìíwú Ghana --- Pobblaght ny Ganey --- Poblachd Ghàna --- Poblacht Ghána --- Qana --- Qana Respublikası --- Repubblica del Ghana --- Republic of Ghana --- República de Ghana --- Rèpublica du Gana --- Republik Ghana --- Republika Gana --- Republiḳat Ganah --- République du Ghana --- Rėspublika Hana --- Respublikæ Ganæ --- Tjóðveldið Gana --- Yn Ghaney --- Africa --- Dēmokratia tēs Gkanas --- Gáana --- Gana Respublikaḣy --- Ganæ --- Ghanská republika --- Ochíchìíwú Ghana --- Poblachd Ghàna --- Poblacht Ghána --- Qana Respublikası --- República de Ghana --- Rèpublica du Gana --- RepublikÌ£at Ganah --- République du Ghana --- Rėspublika Hana --- Respublikæ Ganæ --- Tjóðveldið Gana --- D�emokratia t�es Gkanas --- G�aana --- Gana Respublika�hy --- Gan� --- Ghansk�a republika --- Och�ich�i�iw�u Ghana --- Poblachd Gh�ana --- Poblacht Gh�ana --- Qana Respublikas� --- Rep�ublica de Ghana --- R�epublica du Gana --- Republi�kat Ganah --- R�epublique du Ghana --- R�espublika Hana --- Respublik� Gan� --- Tj�o�veldi� Gana

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