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China --- Guangzhou (China) --- History --- Historyy|y 20th century. --- Yang-chʻeng (Guangdong Sheng, China) --- Kanton (China) --- Wu-yang chʻeng (China) --- Hui-chʻeng (China) --- Kuang-chou (Guangdong Sheng, China) --- Kwangchow (China) --- Canton (China) --- Kwangju (China) --- Guang zhou (China) --- Kouang-chou (China) --- Quảng Châu (China) --- Shengcheng (China) --- Puyün (China) --- Pʼan-yü (Guangzgou Shi, China) --- Kwang-chowfu (China) --- Fan-yü (China) --- Kuang-chou-shih (China) --- Guangzhoushi (China) --- 广州 (China) --- History.

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This critically-commented source edition contains the commercial directions, merchant diary and naval log of four East India Company ships, which sailed from London to Canton, China in 1723, as well as the travelogue of another contemporary trader who sailed from Ostend. It highlights the roles of cooperation and competition in shaping the relations between these and other European companies as well as the everyday lives of European merchants and mariners. The edition thus sheds new light on the history of the East Indies trade during the eighteenth century and its role in encouraging early modern globalization.

Guangzhou (China) --- Europe --- Yang-chʻeng (Guangdong Sheng, China) --- Kanton (China) --- Wu-yang chʻeng (China) --- Hui-chʻeng (China) --- Kuang-chou (Guangdong Sheng, China) --- Kwangchow (China) --- Canton (China) --- Kwangju (China) --- Guang zhou (China) --- Kouang-chou (China) --- Quảng Châu (China) --- Shengcheng (China) --- Puyün (China) --- Pʼan-yü (Guangzgou Shi, China) --- Kwang-chowfu (China) --- Fan-yü (China) --- Kuang-chou-shih (China) --- Guangzhoushi (China) --- Council of Europe countries --- Commerce --- History --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Trade routes --- Diaries --- Ocean travel --- Merchants --- China --- History. --- E-books --- Businesspeople --- Cruises --- Ocean voyages --- Routes of travel --- Sea travel --- Voyages, Ocean --- Transportation --- Travel --- Voyages and travels --- Steamboats --- Journals (Diaries) --- Biographical sources --- Literature --- Autobiographies --- Passenger accommodation --- 广州 (China) --- Ocean travel. --- HISTORY / Modern / 18th Century.

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Guangdong, a province of over 93 million residents, is located on the southern coast of China, boarding with Hong Kong, China. As China's powerhouse for economic growth and a pioneer of reform and opening up, Guangdong has maintained an annual average GDP growth rate of 13.7 percent over the past three decades. Its historical achievements notwithstanding, Guangdong witnessed increased inequality and regional disparity. To assist the authority in developing a strategy for the new phase of reforms that promotes more inclusive and sustainable growth, Reducing Inequality for Shared Growth in Guang

City planning --- Education --- Social change --- Social planning --- Guangdong Sheng (China) --- Politics and government --- Social conditions --- Social policy. --- Social development planning --- Change, Social --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Cities and towns --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Planning --- Government policy --- Management --- 广东省 (China) --- Kwangtung, China (Province) --- Kuang-tung sheng jen min cheng fu (China) --- Kuang-tung sheng (China) --- Kanton-shō (China) --- Kwangtung (China) --- Kwangtung Province (China) --- Guangdong (China) --- Guangdong Province (China) --- Kuang-tung (China) --- Guang dong (China) --- Guangdong Sheng ren min zheng fu (China) --- 广东省人民政府 (China) --- Social history --- Social evolution --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Land use --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Regional planning --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal

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It is not often recognized that China was one of the few places in the early modern world where all merchants had equal access to the market. This study shows that private traders, regardless of the volume of their trade, were granted the same privileges in Canton as the large East India companies. All of these companies relied, to some extent, on private capital to finance their operations. Without the investments from individuals, the trade with China would have been greatly hindered. Competitors, large and small, traded alongside each other while enemies traded alongside enemies. Buddhists, Muslims, Catholics, Protestants, Parsees, Armenians, Hindus, and others lived and worked within the small area in the western suburbs of Canton designated for foreigners. Cantonese shopkeepers were not allowed to discriminate against any foreign traders. In fact, the shopkeepers were generally working in a competitive environment, providing customer-oriented service that generated goodwill, friendship, and trust. These contributed to the growth of the trade as a whole. While many private traders were involved in smuggling opium, others, such as Nathan Dunn, were much opposed to it. The case studies in this volume demonstrate that fortunes could be made in China by trading in legitimate items just as successfully as in illegitimate ones, which tellingly suggests that the rapid spread of opium smuggling in China could be a result of inadequate, rather than excessive, regulation by the Qing government.

Guangzhou (China) --- China --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- Chine --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- China (Republic : 1949- ) --- Yang-chʻeng (Guangdong Sheng, China) --- Kanton (China) --- Wu-yang chʻeng (China) --- Hui-chʻeng (China) --- Kuang-chou (Guangdong Sheng, China) --- Kwangchow (China) --- Canton (China) --- Kwangju (China) --- Guang zhou (China) --- Kouang-chou (China) --- Quảng Châu (China) --- Shengcheng (China) --- Puyün (China) --- Pʼan-yü (Guangzgou Shi, China) --- Kwang-chowfu (China) --- Fan-yü (China) --- Kuang-chou-shih (China) --- Guangzhoushi (China) --- 广州 (China) --- Commerce --- History --- Foreign economic relations. --- E-books --- PRC --- P.R.C. --- BNKhAU --- БНХАУ --- Commercial law --- Great Britain

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Challenging the conventional wisdom conveyed by Western environmental historians about China, this book examines the correlations between economic and environmental changes in the southern Chinese provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi from 1400 to 1850, but also provides substantial background from 2CE on. Robert Marks discusses the impact of population growth on land-use patterns, the agro-ecology of the region, and deforestation; the commercialization of agriculture and its implications for ecological change; the impact of climatic change on agriculture; and the ways in which the human population responded to environmental challenges. This book is a significant contribution to both Chinese and environmental history. It is groundbreaking in its methods and in its findings.

S20/0500 --- S04/0670 --- S10/0210 --- Economic development --- -Human beings --- -Nature --- -Homo sapiens --- Human race --- Humanity (Human beings) --- Humankind --- Humans --- Man --- Mankind --- People --- Hominids --- Persons --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- China: Agriculture forestry, fishery, natural disasters--Environmental policy, pollution --- China: History--Ming: 1368 - 1644 --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--General works and economic history: before 1840 --- Environmental aspects --- -History --- Effect of environment on --- Effect of human beings on --- China --- Guangdong Sheng (China) --- -Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu (China) --- -Economic conditions --- Economic conditions --- Arts and Humanities --- History --- -China: Agriculture forestry, fishery, natural disasters--Environmental policy, pollution --- Economic development - Environmental aspects - Chi. --- Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu (China) --- Kuang-hsi Chuang tsu tzu chih chʻü (China) --- Guansi-Chzhuanskiĭ avtonomnyĭ raĭon (China) --- Kuang-hsi Chuang tsu tzu chih chʻü --- Kwangsi Chuang Autonomous Region (China) --- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (China) --- Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu ren min zheng fu (China) --- Kuang-hsi (China) --- Kwangsi (China) --- 广西壮族自治区 (China) --- Gvangjsih Bouxcuengh Swcigih (China) --- 广东省 (China) --- Kwangtung, China (Province) --- Kuang-tung sheng jen min cheng fu (China) --- Kuang-tung sheng (China) --- Kanton-shō (China) --- Kwangtung (China) --- Kwangtung Province (China) --- Guangdong (China) --- Guangdong Province (China) --- Kuang-tung (China) --- Guang dong (China) --- Guangdong Sheng ren min zheng fu (China) --- 广东省人民政府 (China) --- -Kuang-hsi Chuang tsu tzu chih chʻü (China) --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- Chine --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- Human beings --- Nature --- Homo sapiens --- Environmental aspects&delete& --- Effect of environment on&delete& --- Effect of human beings on&delete& --- Guangxi Sheng (China) --- Economic conditions. --- History. --- Développement économique --- Homme --- Aspect de l'environnement --- Histoire --- Influence sur la nature --- Influence de l'environnement --- History of Asia --- anno 1500-1799 --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1800-1899