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Book
The politics of evidence : from evidence-based policy to the good governance of evidence
Author:
ISBN: 9781138570382 9781138939400 1138939404 131738086X 1315675005 1317380878 9781315675008 9781317380856 1138570389 Year: 2017 Publisher: Taylor & Francis

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Abstract

There has been an enormous increase in interest in the use of evidence for public policymaking, but the vast majority of work on the subject has failed to engage with the political nature of decision making and how this influences the ways in which evidence will be used (or misused) within political areas. This book provides new insights into the nature of political bias with regards to evidence and critically considers what an ‘improved’ use of evidence would look like from a policymaking perspective. Part I describes the great potential for evidence to help achieve social goals, as well as the challenges raised by the political nature of policymaking. It explores the concern of evidence advocates that political interests drive the misuse or manipulation of evidence, as well as counter-concerns of critical policy scholars about how appeals to ‘evidence-based policy’ can depoliticise political debates. Both concerns reflect forms of bias – the first representing technical bias, whereby evidence use violates principles of scientific best practice, and the second representing issue bias in how appeals to evidence can shift political debates to particular questions or marginalise policy-relevant social concerns. Part II then draws on the fields of policy studies and cognitive psychology to understand the origins and mechanisms of both forms of bias in relation to political interests and values. It illustrates how such biases are not only common, but can be much more predictable once we recognise their origins and manifestations in policy arenas. Finally, Part III discusses ways to move forward for those seeking to improve the use of evidence in public policymaking. It explores what constitutes ‘good evidence for policy’, as well as the ‘good use of evidence’ within policy processes, and considers how to build evidence-advisory institutions that embed key principles of both scientific good practice and democratic representation. Taken as a whole, the approach promoted is termed the ‘good governance of evidence’ – a concept that represents the use of rigorous, systematic and technically valid pieces of evidence within decision-making processes that are representative of, and accountable to, populations served.

Keywords

Policy sciences. --- Research --- Social policy. --- #SBIB:303H15 --- #SBIB:303H13 --- National planning --- State planning --- Policy-making --- Policymaking --- Public policy management --- Evaluation. --- Methoden en technieken van de bestuurswetenschappen --- Methoden en technieken: politieke wetenschappen --- Economic policy --- Family policy --- Social history --- Bias --- Elaboration d'une politique --- Sciences politiques. --- Politique sociale. --- Témoignages. --- policymaking. --- politics --- political science --- politikas zinātne --- valtio-oppi --- ciencia política --- политички науки --- politične vede --- scienze politiche --- nauki polityczne --- politológia --- politisk videnskab --- science politique --- ciência política --- politieke wetenschap --- политичке науке --- političke znanosti --- politische Wissenschaft --- politologija --- politologie --- shkenca politike --- politoloogia --- πολιτική επιστήμη --- știință politică --- политическа наука --- xjenza politika --- statsvetenskap --- политичка теорија --- Politologie --- statskundskab --- politikatudomány --- politické vědy --- státověda --- Politikwissenschaft --- ştiinţe politice --- politicologie --- statskunskap --- teorie politiky --- politoloģija --- политикологија --- politikos mokslas --- правно-политички науки --- politica --- politika --- Politik --- politică --- politikë --- politiek --- política --- polityka --- politique --- πολιτική --- poliitika --- политика --- politik --- politiikka --- politisches Leben --- πολιτική ζωή --- politisk liv --- vida política --- политички живот --- politikai élet --- политически живот --- politisk verksamhet --- politiek leven --- poliittinen elämä --- jetë politike --- viață politică --- politiskā dzīve --- życie polityczne --- politički život --- politinis gyvenimas --- politiskt liv --- vie politique --- ħajja politika --- politično življenje --- politický život --- political life --- vita politica --- χάραξη πολιτικής --- élaboration des politiques --- déanamh beartas --- kształtowanie polityki --- politikos formavimas --- beleidsvorming --- kreiranje politika --- politiikanteko --- politikutformning --- elaboración de políticas --- politikudformning --- tfassil tal-politika --- определяне на политиката --- politikas veidošana --- tvorba politík --- elaborazione delle politiche --- elaboração de políticas --- politikai döntéshozatal --- tvorba politik --- oblikovanje politik --- poliitikakujundus --- elaborarea de politici --- Politikgestaltung --- policy formulation --- interaktív politikai döntéshozatal --- Entwicklung politischer Maßnahmen --- interaktiivne poliitikakujundamine --- poliitika kujundamine --- sąveikusis politikos formavimas --- politikudvikling --- dezvoltarea de politici --- интерактивно определяне на политиката --- elaborarea interactivă a politicilor --- politisk beslutningstagning --- interaktivt beslutsfattande --- razvoj politike --- tfassil tal-politika bbażat fuq l-evidenza --- politikskabelse --- interaktivno kreiranje politika --- evidenzbasierte Politikgestaltung --- evidensbaseret politisk beslutningstagning --- разработване на политиката --- politikacsinálás --- elaborarea de politici bazate pe date concrete --- Ausarbeitung politischer Maßnahmen --- forbairt beartas --- interaktivní tvorba politik --- déanamh beartas idirghníomhach --- uz gūtajām atziņām balstīta politikas veidošana --- tworzenie polityki --- определяне на политиката въз основа на факти --- formulování politik --- kreiranje politika utemeljenih na činjenicama --- opracowywanie polityki --- elaboração de políticas basedas em dados concretos --- tényeken alapuló politikaformálás --- élaboration interactive des politiques --- interaktivno oblikovanje politik --- poliitikakujundamine --- vývoj politik --- interaktywne kształtowanie polityki --- tvorba politiky založenej na dôkazoch --- politikas formulēšana --- tvorba politiky --- näyttöön perustuva päätöksenteko --- formulazzjoni tal-politika --- formulation des politiques --- beleidsontwikkeling --- poliitika väljatöötamine --- szakpolitikai döntéshozatal --- ανάπτυξη πολιτικής --- kształtowanie polityki w oparciu o dane naukowe --- élaboration des politiques fondées sur des données probantes --- създаване на политика --- formulare de politici --- interactive policymaking --- tfassil tal-politika interattiv --- politikas izstrāde --- elaboração de políticas bem fundamentadas --- χάραξη τεκμηριωμένης πολιτικής --- politikformulering --- desarrollo de políticas --- faktais grindžiamas politikos formavimas --- faktengestützte Politikgestaltung --- interaktiivinen politiikan suunnittelu --- vývoj politiky --- politique interactive --- διαδραστική χάραξη πολιτικών --- uz pierādījumiem balstīta politikas veidošana --- evidence-based policymaking --- elaboração de políticas com base em dados concretos --- interaktiv politikudformning --- tényeken alapuló szakpolitikai döntéshozatal --- interactieve beleidsontwikkeling --- tvorba politik založená na faktech --- politiikan suunnitteleminen --- empirisch onderbouwde beleidsvorming --- elaborazione interattiva delle politiche --- definizione delle politiche --- ceapadh beartas --- déanamh beartas fianaisebhunaithe --- formulación de políticas --- policy development --- poliitika arendamine --- evidensbaseret politikudformning --- διαμόρφωση πολιτικής --- politikaalakítás --- politiikan kehittäminen --- EIP --- interaktive Politikgestaltung --- evidensbaserat beslutsfattande --- elaboración de políticas basadas en datos --- IPM --- elaboração interativa de políticas --- razvoj politika --- développement des politiques --- politiikan muotoilu --- interaktívna tvorba politiky --- определяне на политиката въз основа на обективни данни --- politikos plėtotė --- beleidsformulering --- elaboración interactiva de políticas --- interaktiv politik --- interaktīva politikas veidošana --- z dokazi podprto oblikovanje politik --- elaborazione di politiche basate su elementi concreti --- żvilupp tal-politika --- poliitikaarendus --- oblikovanje politika --- tõenditel põhinev poliitikakujundamine --- formulação de políticas --- desenvolvimento de políticas --- Interpersonal relations --- Minorities --- Toleration --- eolaíocht pholaitiúil --- polaitíocht --- Policy sciences --- Social policy --- Evaluation --- social policy --- evaluation --- policy sciences --- research --- Decision-making --- Democracy --- Evidence-based medicine --- Evidence-based practice --- Good governance --- HIV --- Public policy


Book
Interpreters and war crimes
Author:
ISBN: 9780367557492 9780367557508 9781003094982 9781000365191 1000365190 9781000365221 1000365220 1003094988 0367557495 0367557509 Year: 2021 Publisher: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge,

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Abstract

"Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this book raises new questions and provides different perspectives on the roles, responsibilities, ethics and protection of interpreters in war while investigating the substance and agents of Japanese war crimes and legal aspects of interpreters' taking part in war crimes. Informed by studies on interpreter ethics in conflict, historical studies of Japanese war crimes and legal discussion on individual liability in war crimes, Takeda provides a detailed description and analysis of the 39 interpreter defendants and interpreters as witnesses of war crimes at British military trials against the Japanese in the aftermath of the Pacific War, and tackles ethical and legal issues of various risks faced by interpreters in violent conflict. The book first discusses the backgrounds, recruitment and wartime activities of the accused interpreters at British military trials in addition to the charges they faced, the defence arguments and the verdicts they received at the trials, with attention to why so many of the accused were Taiwanese and foreign-born Japanese. Takeda provides a contextualized discussion, focusing on the Japanese military's specific linguistic needs in its occupied areas in Southeast Asia and the attributes of interpreters who could meet such needs. In the theoretical examination of the issues that emerge, the focus is placed on interpreters' proximity to danger, visibility and perceived authorship of speech, legal responsibility in war crimes and ethical issues in testifying as eyewitnesses of criminal acts in violent hostilities. Takeda critically examines prior literature on the roles of interpreters in conflict and ethical concerns such as interpreter neutrality and confidentiality, drawing on legal discussion of the ineffectiveness of the superior orders defence and modes of individual liability in war crimes. The book seeks to promote intersectoral discussion on how interpreters can be protected from exposure to manifestly unlawful acts such as torture"--

Keywords

Interpreting --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Military courts --- War crimes trials --- Atrocities --- History --- European War, 1939-1945 --- Second World War, 1939-1945 --- World War 2, 1939-1945 --- World War II, 1939-1945 --- World War Two, 1939-1945 --- WW II (World War, 1939-1945) --- WWII (World War, 1939-1945) --- History, Modern --- Military commissions --- Military government courts --- Military tribunals --- Courts --- Martial law --- Interprétation --- Interprètes --- Témoignages --- Crimes de guerre --- Traduction --- war crime --- interpreting --- translation --- evidence --- testemunho --- pierādījums --- tanúvallomás --- сведочење --- svedecká výpoveď --- liudytojo parodymai --- vidneudsagn --- testimonio --- výslech svědka --- świadek --- mărturie în instanță --- todistus --- tunnistus --- μαρτυρία --- getuigenverklaring --- показание на свидетел --- Zeugenaussage --- evidenza għall-awditjar --- témoignage --- fianaise --- svjedočenje --- показ --- prova --- testimonianza --- pričanje --- vittnesmål --- Zeuge --- testigo --- vittne --- μάρτυρας --- martor --- liecinieks --- изјава на сведок --- svedok --- witness --- testemunha --- lietisks pierādījums --- vidne --- svědek --- сведок --- getuige --- tanú --- témoin --- tunnistaja --- iskaz svjedoka --- liecība --- getuigenis --- todistaja --- svědectví --- svjedok --- teste --- материјален доказ --- vidneforklaring --- parodymai prisiekus --- testimone --- testimony --- liudytojas --- ütlus --- dëshmi --- svedectvo --- todistajanlausunto --- сведоштво --- aistriú --- traducción --- prevajanje --- vertimas raštu --- përkthim --- превођење --- traducere --- traduzione --- tradução --- tłumaczenie --- fordítás --- traduzzjoni --- tulkošana --- käännös --- vertaling --- oversættelse --- översättning --- traduction --- μετάφραση --- preklad --- tõlkimine --- překlad --- prevođenje --- превод --- Übersetzen --- lektorálás --- prijevod --- překládání --- traduzione libera --- písemný převod --- proces i përkthimit --- traduzione tecnica --- překlad textu --- писмено преведување --- translating --- překladatel --- pismeno prevođenje --- traduzione letteraria --- interpretação --- tłumaczenie symultaniczne --- përkthim me gojë --- interprétation --- толкување --- тумачење --- interpretazione --- превеждане --- tolken --- suuline tõlge --- vertimas žodžiu --- tumačenje --- tolkning --- tlmočenie --- sinhronā tulkošana --- tulkkaus --- interpretazzjoni --- interpretación --- interpretare --- tolmácsolás --- tlumočení --- διερμηνεία --- ateangaireacht --- Dolmetschen --- tolmačenje --- simultano prevođenje --- usmeno prevođenje --- sinhronā tulkošana mutvārdos --- szinkrontolmácsolás --- interpretazione consecutiva --- консекутивно толкување --- interpretation --- interpretazione simultanea --- tlumočník --- relétolmácsolás --- ústní převod --- simultánne tlmočenie --- симултано толкување --- konsekutiva --- konsekutivtolkning --- sünkroontõlge --- interpretação consecutiva --- simultánní tlumočení --- përkthim simultan --- simultaan tolken --- konsekutivní tlumočení --- simultaanitulkkaus --- kabinové tlumočení --- konferencijsko prevođenje --- konszekutív tolmácsolás --- interprétation simultanée --- konferenciatolmácsolás --- interpretare simultană --- Simultandolmetschen --- konsekutiv tolkning --- konferenční tlumočení --- interpretación simultánea --- simultaneous interpreting --- interpretação simultânea --- soudní tlumočení --- ταυτόχρονη διερμηνεία --- szimultán tolmácsolás --- simultantolkning --- követő tolmácsolás --- sinchroninis vertimas --- воено злосторство --- krigsforbrydelse --- háborús bűncselekmény --- Kriegsverbrechen --- krigsförbrytelse --- crimen de guerra --- vojni zločin --- военно престъпление --- ратни злочин --- crimine di guerra --- delitt tal-gwerra --- karo nusikaltimas --- kara noziegums --- ratni zločin --- sõjakuritegu --- sotarikos --- krim lufte --- coir chogaidh --- crime de guerra --- przestępstwo wojenne --- crime de război --- έγκλημα πολέμου --- vojnový zločin --- crime de guerre --- válečný zločin --- oorlogsmisdaad --- criminal de guerra --- воени злосторства против ранети и болни --- criminel de guerre --- sotarikollinen --- Меѓународен кривичен суд за воени злосторства во поранешна Југославија --- ratni zločinac --- sõjakurjategija --- háborús bűnös --- karo nusikaltėlis --- εγκληματίας πολέμου --- violazione del diritto internazionale bellico --- oorlogsmisdadiger --- kriminel lufte --- criminoso de guerra --- воени злосторства против цивилни лица --- vojnový zločinec --- злосторства против човечноста --- sõjasüütegu --- válečný zločinec --- criminal de razboi --- kara noziedznieks --- háborús bűnök --- criminale di guerra --- Kriegsverbrecher --- krigsförbrytare --- воен злосторник --- volkenmoord --- воени злосторства против воени заробеници --- krigsforbryder --- war criminal --- Japan --- Armed Forces --- Official and employees --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Criminal provisions --- al-Yābān --- Giappone --- Government of Japan --- Iapōnia --- I︠A︡ponii︠a︡ --- Japam --- Japani --- Japão --- Japon --- Japonia --- Japonsko --- Japonya --- Jih-pen --- Mư̄ang Yīpun --- Nihon --- Nihon-koku --- Nihonkoku --- Nippon --- Nippon-koku --- Nipponkoku --- Prathēt Yīpun --- Riben --- State of Japan --- Yābān --- Yapan --- Yīpun --- Zhāpān --- Япония --- اليابان --- يابان --- 日本 --- 日本国 --- War crime trials --- Translators --- Criminal liability (International law) --- International law --- Interpreters --- Linguists --- Translating services --- Trials (War crimes) --- Trials (Crimes against humanity) --- Trials (Genocide) --- Trials --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Armed forces --- J5390 --- J4850 --- Japan: Language -- interpretation and translation --- Japan: International law -- law of peace and war (including war crimes) --- War crimes --- Law --- Droit --- Translating. --- Official and employees. --- Jepun --- Yapon --- Yapon Ulus --- I︠A︡pon --- Япон --- I︠A︡pon Uls --- Япон Улс

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