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Conditions of malnutrition, conflict, or a combination of both characterize many Arab countries, but this was not always so. As in much of the developing world, the immediate post-independence period represented an age of hope and relative prosperity. But imperialism did not sleep while these countries developed, and it soon intervened to destroy these post-independence achievements. The two principal defeats and losses of territory to Israel in 1967 and 1973, as well as the others that followed, left in their wake more than the destruction of assets and the loss of human lives: the Arab World lost its ideology of resistance. The Unmaking of Arab Socialism is an attempt to understand the reasons for Arab world's developmental descent from the pinnacle of Arab socialism to its present desolate conditions through an examination of the post-colonial histories of Egypt, Syria, and Iraq.

Socialism --- Neoliberalism --- Economic development --- Arab countries --- Economic conditions. --- Politics and government --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Neo-liberalism --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Liberalism --- E-books --- Luther, Martin, --- Luther, Maarten --- Lutherus, Martinus --- Lutero, Martin --- Luther, Martin --- Luter, Martinos, --- Lutr, Martin, --- Лютер, Мартін, --- Li︠u︡ter, Martin, --- Luter, Marcin, --- Luther, Maarten, --- Lutero, Martín, --- Luther, Martinus, --- Luther, Márton, --- Luther, Martti, --- Luther, Martí, --- Lutʻŏ, --- Lūtœ̄, Mātīn, --- D. M. L. A., --- Luters, Mārtiņš, --- Luter, Marṭin, --- Luther, Marczin, --- Rutā, Marutin, --- Joerg, Junker, --- לוטהער, מארטין --- לוטהער, מארטין, --- לותר --- 路德马丁, --- Luttar Cāstiriyār, --- Cāstiriyār, Luttar, --- ルター マルティン, --- Лютэр, Марцін, --- Li︠u︡tėr, Martsin, --- Лутер, Мартин, --- Liuteris, Martynas, --- Lutawm, Matees, --- Lu-toe, Ma-ti, --- Lotera, Martin, --- Lusā, Mātaṅʻ, --- Lūthœ̄, Mātin, --- Luta, Martin, --- Lute̳e̳r, Martẽ, --- Lūthar, Mārṭin,

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Martin Luthers Thesen gegen den Ablass gaben 1517 den Anstoß zur Reformation. Weniger bekannt ist die lange Vorgeschichte der Ablassverkündung in der spätmittelalterlichen Kirche. Der auf eine im Rahmen der Lutherdekade geförderte interdisziplinäre Tagung in Rom 2015 zurückgehende Band beleuchtet den Kontext des Ablassstreites vor dem Hintergrund der weitverbreiteten Ablasskampagnen, die schon in den beiden Jahrhunderten davor im Kirchenleben etabliert waren. Protagonisten der Ablassverkündung waren nicht nur die den Ablass ausstellenden Päpste und Bischöfe, sondern auch die Orden und diverse Laiengruppen, die die Erträgnisse in verschiedensten Bereichen - vom Brückenbau bis zur Versorgung von Notleidenden in Hospitälern - investierten. Untersuchungsschwerpunkt sind die theologischen, kirchenrechtlichen, sozialen, ökonomischen und kulturellen Aspekte des Ablasses und seiner Verkündung im Spätmittelalter. Ab dem 13. Jahrhundert entwickelten Theologen und Kanonisten die Lehre vom "Kirchenschatz". Kritik am Ablass und seinen Auswüchsen wurde schon früh geübt und von Jan Hus zu einem ersten Höhepunkt geführt. Die Statements des Runden Tischs eröffnen außerdem Perspektiven für den interkonfessionellen Dialog zum noch immer aktuellen Thema.

Luther, Martin, --- Luther, Maarten --- Lutherus, Martinus --- Lutero, Martin --- Indulgences (Canon law) --- Canon law --- Reformation --- Piety --- Trade of Indulgences --- Martin Luther --- Luther, Martin --- Luter, Martinos, --- Lutr, Martin, --- Лютер, Мартін, --- Li︠u︡ter, Martin, --- Luter, Marcin, --- Luther, Maarten, --- Lutero, Martín, --- Luther, Martinus, --- Luther, Márton, --- Luther, Martti, --- Luther, Martí, --- Lutʻŏ, --- Lūtœ̄, Mātīn, --- D. M. L. A., --- Luters, Mārtiņš, --- Luter, Marṭin, --- Luther, Marczin, --- Rutā, Marutin, --- Joerg, Junker, --- לוטהער, מארטין --- לוטהער, מארטין, --- לותר --- 路德马丁, --- Luttar Cāstiriyār, --- Cāstiriyār, Luttar, --- ルター マルティン, --- Лютэр, Марцін, --- Li︠u︡tėr, Martsin, --- Лутер, Мартин, --- Liuteris, Martynas, --- Lutawm, Matees, --- Lu-toe, Ma-ti, --- Lotera, Martin, --- Lusā, Mātaṅʻ, --- Lūthœ̄, Mātin, --- Luta, Martin, --- Lute̳e̳r, Martẽ, --- Lūthar, Mārṭin,

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Staging a conversatino among distinguished Luther scholars, historians of Christianity, and philosophers, The Medieval Luther makes the case that it is impossible to understand Luther's most important doctrines without exploring his philosophical inheritance. After all, Luther was an ardent participant in and contributor to the philosophical disputes of the late Middle Ages. By situating Luther's theology in relation to medieval healing practices, mysticism, biblical interpretation, and politics, this volume blurs the historiiographical line between the medieval and early modern periods. Offering an expansive apreciation of the Middle Ages for his thought, The Medieval Luther is indispensable for any future study of the Reformation's leading figure. --Dust Jacket Front Inside Flap.

Luther, Martin, --- Christology --- Philosophy --- Soteriology --- Antike Geistesgeschichte --- Biblical Interpretation --- priesthood --- Kirchengeschichte --- Systematische Theologie --- Mittelalter --- Luther, Maarten --- Lutherus, Martinus --- Lutero, Martin --- Luther, Martin --- Luter, Martinos, --- Lutr, Martin, --- Лютер, Мартін, --- Li︠u︡ter, Martin, --- Luter, Marcin, --- Luther, Maarten, --- Lutero, Martín, --- Luther, Martinus, --- Luther, Márton, --- Luther, Martti, --- Luther, Martí, --- Lutʻŏ, --- Lūtœ̄, Mātīn, --- D. M. L. A., --- Luters, Mārtiņš, --- Luter, Marṭin, --- Luther, Marczin, --- Rutā, Marutin, --- Joerg, Junker, --- לוטהער, מארטין --- לוטהער, מארטין, --- לותר --- 路德马丁, --- Luttar Cāstiriyār, --- Cāstiriyār, Luttar, --- ルター マルティン, --- Лютэр, Марцін, --- Li︠u︡tėr, Martsin, --- Лутер, Мартин, --- Liuteris, Martynas, --- Lutawm, Matees, --- Lu-toe, Ma-ti, --- Lotera, Martin, --- Lusā, Mātaṅʻ, --- Lūthœ̄, Mātin, --- Luta, Martin, --- Lute̳e̳r, Martẽ, --- Lūthar, Mārṭin, --- Theology, Doctrinal --- Théologie dogmatique --- Theology, Doctrinal. --- History --- Histoire --- 1500-1599