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The book starts with an introductory exploration on how writers use computers; gives a definition of Born-digital Literary Archives, provides a few examples from the international panorama and carries out a mapping of digital archives in Italy with a particular focus on Franco Fortini's Archive held at the University of Siena. The volume offers a summary of the first Italian project devoted to the Italian born-digital literary archives, PAD - Pavia Digital Archives, by analysing the process of acquisition and management of the materials, now kept at the Centro Manoscritti in Pavia. Finally a critical analysis of Francesco Pecoraro's first three works is offered through an examination of his digital archive in Pavia.

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Jacq Vogelaar was the most radical champion of experimental form in post-war Dutch literature. After his debut in 1965, he published a series of novels in which he progressively pushed the dismantling of the traditional narrative form. Jacq Vogelaar was not only an innovator of literary form, but also a leading and often critical voice in the public debate on Dutch literature. By showing Vogelaar's multifaceted literary activity from diverse perspectives, Woekering en weigering offers a representation of this underrated author that is refreshing and rich in nuance. It is a well-deserved tribute to a literary monument.

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I sin kjente la°t Na°r himmelen faller ned betegner Anne Grete Preus snø som «himmelsk korrekturlakk» og et mektig «under». Men hva er det egentlig som snø ma° korrigere, og i hva besta°r dens makt? Snøens formler: Et naturfenomen i litteraturen søker svar pa° slike spørsma°l idet snømotivet diskuteres pa° bakgrunn av moderniseringsprosessen, kjennetegnet ved økende instrumentalisering og rasjonalisering. Snø forandrer landskapet og sier modernitetens nyttetenkning imot; den tildekker og aksentuerer samtidig og fortryller. Denne prosessen kan beskrives pa° forskjellige ma°ter: som det sublimes gjennombrudd i filosofisk-estetisk henseende, eller, i poetologisk henseende, som en form for avrealisering. Denne strategien utspiller seg i spra°k, og forma°let med denne studien er a° granske snøens retorisitet og hvordan den litterære fremstillingen av snø svarer pa° modernitetens utfordringer. Boken inneholder lesninger av blant annet H.C. Andersen, Olaf Bull, Hans Børli, Paul Celan, Alexander Kielland, Jonas Lie, Tor Ulven og Tarjei Vesaas. Forholdet mellom snø og modernitet belyses fra et dobbeltperspektiv. Søkelyset rettes pa° individets stilling og selvforsta°else i moderniseringsprosessen, men ogsa° pa° estetiske spørsma°l som reiser seg na°r det diktes om snø. Snøen lager en hvit flate, den «overskriver» jorden og spiller pa° denne ma°ten en amimetisk poetikk i hendene. Snø kan sies a° være en pa°driver av en moderne estetisk posisjon som ikke tar spra°kets referensielle side for gitt. In her well-known song, 'Når himmelen faller ned' ('When the Sky Falls Down'), the Norwegian musician Anne Grete Preus described snow as 'celestial tipp-ex' and a mighty 'wonder'. But what exactly is it that snow corrects? And what gives snow its power? Snow's Formulas: A Natural Phenomenon in Literature attempts to answer these and similar questions by discussing the motif of snow in the context of modernization processes marked by increasing instrumentalization and rationalization. Snow transforms landscapes and defies modernity's innovations; it simultaneously obscures and accentuates, and also enchants. This process can be described in different ways: as the sublime's breakthrough in a philosophical, aesthetic sense, or, in a poetological sense, as non-mimetic writing. This strategy plays out in language, and the objective of this study has been to investigate snow's rhetoricity and how literary depictions of snow can be in response to the challenges of modernity. The book includes readings of texts by H.C. Andersen, Olaf Bull, Hans Børli, Paul Celan, Alexander Kielland, Jonas Lie, Tor Ulven and Tarjei Vesaas, among others. The relationship between snow and modernity is illustrated from a dual perspective. Emphasis is placed on the individual's position and self-perception within the process of modernization, as well as on the aesthetical problems that arise when writing about snow. Snow makes a white surface; it 'overwrites' the ground and encourages a non-mimetic poetry. Snow can be said to be an engine of modern aesthetics that does not take language's referential aspect for granted.

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Alex Matson (1888-1972) is an important Finnish literary critic and essayist, whose literary reviews and collections of essays have made a vital contribution to the development of Finland's postwar literary generation. Born in Finland as the son of a sailor, Matson moved as a young child with his family to Hull in England, where he went to school. In the 1910s, he moved back to Finland, where he at first established himself as painter associated with the expressionist November Group, an important Finnish artistic movement at the time. In the interbellum, he moved from fine arts to literature. In the 1920s and 1930s, he published several novels, but more important was his work as transmitter of international literary ideas to Finland. Together with his first wife, Kersti Bergroth, he edited the literary journal Sininen kirja ("The Blue Book"; 1927-1930), which was inspired by the writings of John Middleton Murry and Katherine Mansfield. Sininen kirja is the most international literary journal in Finnish history to date and introduced Finland to the most significant modernist writers of the first half of the 20th century (Gottfried Benn, Jean Cocteau, Alfred Do¨blin, T. S. Eliot, Aldous Huxley, James Joyce, D. H. Lawrence, Katherine Mansfield, Paul Vale´ry, Virginia Woolf). During the Second World War, Matson worked for the State Communications Agency, which was responsible for disseminating relevant information about Finland to other nations and for informing Finns of relevant developments abroad. It was also tasked with studying the prevailing mood among the population in Finland. In Matson's unpublished wartime diaries, one can see the first symptoms of a shift in Finnish culture away from Germany and towards Anglo-Saxon culture. From the 1940s onwards, Matson recommended new English and American novels as a part of his work as reader for Finnish publishing houses, and he also translated works by Joyce, Hemingway and Steinbeck. With the help of a network of international literary critics, Matson became acquainted with New Criticism, which he introduced to Finland before it became established among academic researchers. He was often critical of academic literary studies, but his seminal essay works Romaanitaide ("On the Prose Nove"; 1947), John Steinbeck (1948), Kaksi mestaria ("Two Masters", on Tolstoy and Dostoevsky; 1950) as well as his impressive conversational skills were instrumental in introducing knowledge about the principles of the prose novel to several authors (including Va¨ino¨ Linna, Lauri Viita, and Hannu Salama), and contributed to their views of literature. Matson emphasized the importance of reading and understanding high-quality literature for the wellbeing of society.

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Despite positive attitudes towards mathematics, it must be assumed that mathematics anxiety is a factor not to be underestimated in (pre-service) early childhood teachers. In the first part, this article reviews the current international state of research on early childhood teachers' mathematics anxiety and shows the achievements and limitations of previous studies. The majority of the reviewed studies deals with pre-service early childhood teachers and their teacher education. Only a few studies tried to relate in-service early childhood teachers' mathematics anxiety and children's mathematical achievement. In the second part, this contribution examines empirically whether it can be assumed that the profession "early childhood teacher" can be characterized as "math-avoidant". For this purpose, n = 774 German pre-service early childhood teachers were examined with regard to their mathematics anxiety and their choice of career. The results indicate effects of mathematics anxiety on the intentional choice to work as an early childhood teacher. The paper concludes with a general conclusion on the importance of mathematics anxiety for early childhood teachers' professional competence and an outlook on future research.

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