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This open access book evaluates, from an economic perspective, various measures introduced in Japan to prevent climate change. Although various countries have implemented such policies in response to the pressing issue of climate change, the effectiveness of those programs has not been sufficiently compared. In particular, policy evaluations in the Asian region are far behind those in North America and Europe due to data limitations and political reasons. The first part of the book summarizes measures in different sectors in Japan to prevent climate change, such as emissions trading and carbon tax, and assesses their impact. The second part shows how those policies have changed the behavior of firms and households. In addition, it presents macro-economic simulations that consider the potential of renewable energy. Lastly, based on these comprehensive assessments, it compares the effectiveness of measures to prevent climate change in Japan and Western countries. Providing valuable insights, this book will appeal to both academic researchers and policymakers seeking cost-effective measures against climate change. .

Natural resources. --- Energy policy. --- Energy and state. --- Fossil fuels. --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics. --- Energy Policy, Economics and Management. --- Fossil Fuels (incl. Carbon Capture). --- Natural Resources. --- Fossil energy --- Fuel --- Energy minerals --- Energy and state --- Power resources --- State and energy --- Industrial policy --- Energy conservation --- National resources --- Natural resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Government policy --- Economic aspects --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics --- Energy Policy, Economics and Management --- Fossil Fuels (incl. Carbon Capture) --- Natural Resources --- Environmental Economics --- Fossil Fuel --- Solid Earth Sciences --- Open Access --- Carbon Pricing --- Emission Trading Scheme --- Climate Policy --- Paris Agreement --- Carbon Tax --- Carbon Policy in Japan --- Environmental economics --- Energy technology & engineering --- Energy industries & utilities --- Fossil fuel technologies --- Environmental management,

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This open access book analyzes the transition toward a low-carbon energy system in Europe under the aspects of flexibility and technological progress. By covering the main energy sectors – including the industry, residential, tertiary and transport sector as well as the heating and electricity sector – the analysis assesses flexibility requirements in a cross-sectoral energy system with high shares of renewable energies. The contributing authors – all European energy experts – apply models and tools from various research fields, including techno-economic learning, fundamental energy system modeling, and environmental and social life cycle as well as health impact assessment, to develop an innovative and comprehensive energy models system (EMS). Moreover, the contributions examine renewable penetrations and their contributions to climate change mitigation, and the impacts of available technologies on the energy system. Given its scope, the book appeals to researchers studying energy systems and markets, professionals and policymakers of the energy industry and readers interested in the transformation to a low-carbon energy system in Europe.

Environmental economics --- Energy technology & engineering --- Public administration --- Electrical engineering --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics --- Energy Policy, Economics and Management --- Public Policy --- Power Electronics, Electrical Machines and Networks --- Energy System Transformation --- Energy Grids and Networks --- Energy system analysis --- Renewable energy --- Life cycle assessment --- Technological learing --- Energy system models --- Energy market models --- Climate change --- Low-carbon energy system --- Strategic energy technology plan of the European Commission --- Open Access --- Energy industries & utilities

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This open access book presents a picture of the current energy challenges on the African continent (and the Sub-Saharan region in particular) and proposes pathways to an accelerated energy transition. Starting with an analysis of the status quo and the outlook for Africa’s energy demand and energy access, it provides an account of the available resources, including hydrocarbons and renewable energy resources, which are playing an increasingly crucial role. It then moves on to analyze the level of investment required to scale-up Africa’s energy systems, shedding light on the key barriers and elaborating on potential solutions. It also provides a suggestion for improving the effectiveness of EU–Africa cooperation. While mainly intended for policymakers and academics, this book also speaks to a broader audience interested in gaining an overview of the challenges and opportunities of the African energy sector today and in the future.

Energy. --- Energy policy. --- Energy and state. --- Energy security. --- Development economics. --- Energy Policy, Economics and Management. --- African Economics. --- Development and Sustainability. --- Development Economics. --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics. --- Energy Security. --- Economics --- Economic development --- Energy dependence --- Energy independence --- Energy insecurity --- Security, Energy --- Energy policy --- Energy and state --- Power resources --- State and energy --- Industrial policy --- Energy conservation --- Government policy --- Africa—Economic conditions. --- Economic development—Environmental aspects. --- Natural resources. --- National resources --- Natural resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Economic aspects --- Environmental aspects. --- Africa --- Economic conditions. --- Eco-development --- Ecodevelopment --- Energy --- Africa—Economic conditions --- Economic development—Environmental aspects --- Development economics --- Energy security

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This open access textbook provides a concise introduction to economic approaches and mathematical methods for the study of water allocation and distribution problems. Written in an accessible and straightforward style, it discusses and analyzes central issues in integrated water resource management, water tariffs, water markets, and transboundary water management. By illustrating the interplay between the hydrological cycle and the rules and institutions that govern today’s water allocation policies, the authors develop a modern perspective on water management. Moreover, the book presents an in-depth assessment of the political and ethical dimensions of water management and its institutional embeddedness, by discussing distribution issues and issues of the enforceability of human rights in managing water resources. Given its scope, the book will appeal to advanced undergraduate and graduate students of economics and engineering, as well as practitioners in the water sector, seeking a deeper understanding of economic approaches to the study of water management.

Natural resources. --- Environmental management. --- Water pollution. --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics. --- Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management. --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution. --- Aquatic pollution --- Fresh water --- Fresh water pollution --- Freshwater pollution --- Inland water pollution --- Lake pollution --- Lakes --- Reservoirs --- River pollution --- Rivers --- Stream pollution --- Water contamination --- Water pollutants --- Water pollution --- Pollution --- Waste disposal in rivers, lakes, etc. --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- National resources --- Natural resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Economic aspects --- Water-supply --- Eau --- Gestion de l'environnement. --- Economic aspects. --- Management. --- Distribution --- Aspect économique. --- Gestion. --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics --- Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution --- Environmental Economics --- Water --- Water economics --- Sustainable water management --- Water engineering --- Hydro-economic models --- Affordable water tariffs --- Eco-hydrology --- Human rights to water --- Water recycling --- Open Access book --- Climate change --- Environmental economics --- Environmental management, --- Water supply & treatment --- Energy industries & utilities --- Power resources. --- Water. --- Hydrology. --- Pollution. --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental quality --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Aquatic sciences --- Earth sciences --- Hydrography --- Hydrology --- Energy --- Energy resources --- Power supply --- Energy harvesting --- Energy industries --- Environmental aspects

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This open access book presents detailed pathways to achieve 100% renewable energy by 2050, globally and across ten geographical regions. Based on state-of-the-art scenario modelling, it provides the vital missing link between renewable energy targets and the measures needed to achieve them. Bringing together the latest research in climate science, renewable energy technology, employment and resource impacts, the book breaks new ground by covering all the elements essential to achieving the ambitious climate mitigation targets set out in the Paris Climate Agreement. For example, sectoral implementation pathways, with special emphasis on differences between developed and developing countries and regional conditions, provide tools to implement the scenarios globally and domestically. Non-energy greenhouse gas mitigation scenarios define a sustainable pathway for land-use change and the agricultural sector. Furthermore, results of the impact of the scenarios on employment and mineral and resource requirements provide vital insight on economic and resource management implications. The book clearly demonstrates that the goals of the Paris Agreement are achievable and feasible with current technology and are beneficial in economic and employment terms. It is essential reading for anyone with responsibility for implementing renewable energy or climate targets internationally or domestically, including climate policy negotiators, policy-makers at all levels of government, businesses with renewable energy commitments, researchers and the renewable energy industry.

Renewable energy sources. --- Sustainable development. --- Natural resources. --- Renewable and Green Energy. --- Climate Change Management and Policy. --- Sustainable Development. --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics. --- National resources --- Natural resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Alternate energy sources --- Alternative energy sources --- Energy sources, Renewable --- Sustainable energy sources --- Power resources --- Renewable natural resources --- Agriculture and energy --- Economic aspects --- Environmental aspects --- Renewable energy resources. --- Climate change. --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Global environmental change --- Energy --- Renewable energy resources