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The author discusses how religious groups, especially Jews, Mormons and Jesuits, were labeled as foreign and constructed as political, moral and national threats in Scandinavia in different periods between c. 1790 and 1960. Key questions are who articulated such opinions, how was the threat depicted, and to what extent did it influence state policies towards these groups. A special focus is given to Norway, because the Constitution of 1814 included a ban against Jews (repelled in 1851) and Jesuits (repelled in 1956), and because Mormons were denied the status of a legal religion until freedom of religion was codified in the Constitution in 1964. The author emphasizes how the construction of religious minorities as perils of society influenced the definition of national identities in all Scandinavia, from the late 18th Century until well after WWII. The argument is that Jews, Mormons and Jesuits all were constructed as "anti-citizens", as opposites of what it meant to be "good" citizens of the nation. The discourse that framed the need for national protection against foreign religious groups was transboundary. Consequently, transnational stereotypes contributed significantly in defining national identities.
HISTORY / Europe / General. --- Anti-Mormonism. --- Anti-catholicism. --- Antisemitism. --- Nationalism. --- Jesuits --- History. --- Compagnie de Jésus --- Compañia de Jesus --- Gesellschaft Jesu --- Jesuitas --- Jesuiten --- Jesuiti --- Jezuïten --- Jésuites --- Paters Jezuïten --- Societeit van Jezus --- Society of Jesus --- イエズス会 --- カトリック イエズス会
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From the late sixteenth century until their expulsion in 1767, members of the Society of Jesus played an important role in the urban life of Spanish America and as administrators of frontier missions. This study examines the organization of the Society of Jesus in Spanish America in large provinces, as well as the different urban institutions such as colegios and frontier missions. It outlines the spiritual and educational activities in cities. The Jesuits supported the royal initiative to evangelize indigenous populations on the frontiers, but the outcomes that did not always conform to expectations. One reason for this was the effect of diseases such as smallpox on the indigenous populations. Finally, it examines the 1767 expulsion of the Jesuits from Spanish territories. Some died before leaving the Americas or at sea. The majority reached Spain and were later shipped to exile in the Papal States. Readership: All interested in the history of colonial Spanish America, the role of the Catholic church in colonial Spanish America, and frontier missions. Anyone interested in historical demography. Keywords: Society of Jesus, education, Misión Popular, colegios, frontier missions, Guaraní, Sonora-Sinaloa, Chaco, Baja California, expulsion.
Jesuits --- Missions. --- Compagnie de Jésus --- Compañia de Jesus --- Gesellschaft Jesu --- Jesuitas --- Jesuiten --- Jesuiti --- Jezuïten --- Jésuites --- Paters Jezuïten --- Societeit van Jezus --- Society of Jesus --- イエズス会 --- カトリック イエズス会 --- History of the Americas
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"The forty-one years between the Society of Jesus's papal suppression in 1773 and its eventual restoration in 1814 remain controversial, with new research and interpretations continually appearing. Shore's narrative approaches these years, and the period preceding the suppression, from a new perspective that covers individuals not usually discussed in works dealing with this topic. As well as examining the contributions of former Jesuits to fields as diverse as ethnology-a term and concept pioneered by an ex-Jesuit-and library science, where Jesuits and ex-Jesuits laid the groundwork for the great advances of the nineteenth century, the essay also explores the period the exiled Society spent in the Russian Empire. It concludes with a discussion of the Society's restoration in the broader context of world history".
History, Modern. --- History. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Modern history --- World history, Modern --- World history --- Modern history to 20th century: c 1700 to c 1900 --- Jesuits --- History --- Compagnie de Jésus --- Compañia de Jesus --- Gesellschaft Jesu --- Jesuitas --- Jesuiten --- Jesuiti --- Jezuïten --- Jésuites --- Paters Jezuïten --- Societeit van Jezus --- Society of Jesus --- イエズス会 --- カトリック イエズス会
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After their restoration of 1814, the Jesuits made significant contributions to the natural sciences, especially in the fields of astronomy, meteorology, seismology, terrestrial magnetism, mathematics, and biology. This narrative provides a history of the Jesuit institutions in which these discoveries were made, many of which were established in countries that previously had no scientific institutions whatsoever, thus generating a scientific and educational legacy that endures to this day. The article also focuses on the teaching and research that took place at Jesuit universities and secondary schools, as well as the order’s creation of a worldwide network of seventy-four astronomical and geophysical observatories where particularly important contributions were made to the fields of terrestrial magnetism, microseisms, tropical hurricanes, and botany.
Religion and science. --- Christianity and science --- Geology --- Geology and religion --- Science --- Science and religion --- Religious aspects --- Jesuits --- History. --- Compagnie de Jésus --- Compañia de Jesus --- Gesellschaft Jesu --- Jesuitas --- Jesuiten --- Jesuiti --- Jezuïten --- Jésuites --- Paters Jezuïten --- Societeit van Jezus --- Society of Jesus --- イエズス会 --- カトリック イエズス会 --- Mathematics & science --- Science: general issues
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The Viennese Jesuit court astronomer Maximilian Hell was a nodal figure in the eighteenth-century circulation of knowledge. He was already famous by the time of his celebrated 1769 expedition for the observation of the transit of Venus in northern Scandinavia. However, the 1773 suppression of his order forced Hell to develop ingenious strategies of accommodation to changing international and domestic circumstances. Through a study of his career in local, regional, imperial, and global contexts, this book sheds new light on the complex relationship between the Enlightenment, Catholicism, administrative and academic reform in the Habsburg monarchy, and the practices and ends of cultivating science in the Republic of Letters around the end of the first era of the Society of Jesus.
Education. --- Religion and science. --- Jesuits. --- Christianity and science --- Geology --- Geology and religion --- Science --- Science and religion --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Religious aspects --- Education --- Compagnie de Jésus --- Compañia de Jesus --- Gesellschaft Jesu --- Jesuitas --- Jesuiten --- Jesuiti --- Jesuits --- Jezuïten --- Jésuites --- Paters Jezuïten --- Societeit van Jezus --- Society of Jesus --- イエズス会 --- カトリック イエズス会 --- History of science --- Hell, Miksa, --- Travel --- Vardø (Norway) --- Description and travel. --- Hell, Maximilián,
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In early modern China, Jesuit missionaries associated with the male elite of Confucian literati in order to proselytize more freely, but they had limited contact with women, whose ritual spaces were less accessible. Historians of Catholic evangelism have similarly directed their attention to the devotional practices of men, neglecting the interior spaces in Chinese households where women worshipped and undertook the transmission of Catholicism to family members and friends. Nadine Amsler’s investigation brings the domestic and devotional practices of women into sharp focus, uncovering a rich body of evidence that demonstrates how Chinese households functioned as sites of evangelization, religious conflict, and indigenization of Christianity.The resulting exploration of gendered realms in seventeenth-century China reveals networks of religious sociability and ritual communities among women as well as women’s remarkable acts of private piety. Amsler’s exhaustive archival research and attention to material culture reveals new insights about women’s agency and domestic activities, illuminating areas of Chinese and Catholic history that have remained obscure, if not entirely invisible, for far too long.
Catholic women --- S13B/0410 --- S11/0710 --- Women, Catholic --- Christian women --- Religious life --- History --- China: Christianity--Jesuits (incl. Rites Controversy) --- China: Social sciences--Women and gender: general and before 1949 --- Jesuits --- Compagnie de Jésus --- Compañia de Jesus --- Gesellschaft Jesu --- Jesuitas --- Jesuiten --- Jesuiti --- Jezuïten --- Jésuites --- Paters Jezuïten --- Societeit van Jezus --- Society of Jesus --- イエズス会 --- カトリック イエズス会 --- Missions --- History. --- katholicisme --- anno 1600-1699 --- China --- Religious aspects of sexuality, gender & relationships --- Gender --- Private sphere --- Religion --- Spirituality --- Book
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From Eusebio Kino to Daniel Berrigan, and from colonial New England to contemporary Seattle, Jesuits have built and disrupted institutions in ways that have fundamentally shaped the Catholic Church and American society. As Catherine O’Donnell demonstrates, Jesuits in French, Spanish, and British colonies were both evangelists and agents of empire. John Carroll envisioned an American church integrated with Protestant neighbors during the early years of the republic; nineteenth-century Jesuits, many of them immigrants, rejected Carroll’s ethos and created a distinct Catholic infrastructure of schools, colleges, and allegiances. The twentieth century involved Jesuits first in American war efforts and papal critiques of modernity, and then (in accord with the leadership of John Courtney Murray and Pedro Arrupe) in a rethinking of their relationship to modernity, to other faiths, and to earthly injustice. O’Donnell’s narrative concludes with a brief discussion of Jesuits’ declining numbers, as well as their response to their slaveholding past and involvement in clerical sexual abuse.
271.5 <73> --- #GBIB: jesuitica --- 271.5 <73> Jezuïeten--Verenigde Staten van Amerika. VSA. USA --- Jezuïeten--Verenigde Staten van Amerika. VSA. USA --- Jesuits. --- Religion. --- North America --- Religion, Primitive --- Atheism --- Irreligion --- Religions --- Theology --- Turtle Island (Continent) --- Compagnie de Jésus --- Compañia de Jesus --- Gesellschaft Jesu --- Jesuitas --- Jesuiten --- Jesuiti --- Jesuits --- Jezuïten --- Jésuites --- Paters Jezuïten --- Societeit van Jezus --- Society of Jesus --- イエズス会 --- カトリック イエズス会 --- Regional & national history --- History of the Americas
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A new interpretation of the Jesuit mission to New France is here proposed by using, for comparison and contrast, the earlier Jesuit experience in Japan. In order to present revisionist perspectives of the Jesuit missions based on a broader international framework beyond North America, the existing historical paradigms of the Jesuit missionary activity to Amerindians based on the limited regional history of New France are re-examined. The time period of analysis covers one entire century, from the mid-sixteenth century to the mid-seventeenth century. The Jesuit evangelists used in this analysis include European, mainly Iberian and French, missionaries. The non-European converts dealt with in this discussion are Japanese and Amerindian peoples. The aspects considered for revisions encompass the interpretations of foreign cultures, the basic evangelistic approach of preaching, winning converts and educating them, organising Christian communities and the non-European practice of the religion. The Christian mission in Japan has proved to be a useful tool for these purposes.
Indians of North America --- 271.5-9 --- American aborigines --- American Indians --- First Nations (North America) --- Indians of the United States --- Indigenous peoples --- Native Americans --- North American Indians --- Missions&delete& --- Historiography --- Missions --- History --- Jezuïeten: missies --- Culture --- Ethnology --- Societas Jesu --- Compagnie de Jésus --- Compañia de Jesus --- Gesellschaft Jesu --- Jesuitas --- Jesuiten --- Jesuiti --- Jesuits --- Jezuïten --- Jésuites --- Paters Jezuïten --- Societeit van Jezus --- Society of Jesus --- イエズス会 --- カトリック イエズス会 --- Historiography. --- Canada --- Canada, Eastern --- New France --- Québec (Province) --- 271.5-9 Jezuïeten: missies --- Early Modern History Asian Studies --- Christianity --- Indigenous peoples of the Americas --- Japan --- Wyandot people
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"The British Isles and Ireland tested the self-proclaimed adaptability and flexibility of the new Society of Jesus. A mission to Ireland highlighted the complexities and ended in failure in the early 1580s, not to be revived until 1598. The fabled Jesuit mission to England in 1580 conceived in wistful optimism was baptized with blood with the execution of Edmund Campion in 1581 and the consequent political manoeuveres of Robert Persons. The Scottish mission began in December 1581. The three missions remained distinct in the pre-suppression period despite an occasional proposal for integration. The English mission was the largest, the bloodiest, the most controversial, and the only one to progress to full provincial status. The government tried to suppress it; the Benedictines tried to complement it; the vicars-apostolic tried to control it; and foreign Jesuits tried to recognize it. Nonetheless, the English province forged a corporate identity that even withstood the suppression".
#GBIB: jesuitica --- 271.5 <415> --- 271.5 <41> --- 271.5 <41> Jezuïeten--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- Jezuïeten--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- 271.5 <415> Jezuïeten--Ierland--(als geheel) --- Jezuïeten--Ierland--(als geheel) --- Christian church history --- Society of Jesus --- anno 1500-1599 --- Great Britain --- Ireland --- History, Modern. --- History. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Modern history --- World history, Modern --- World history --- Christian institutions & organizations --- Christian mission & evangelism --- Jesuits --- Compagnie de Jésus --- Compañia de Jesus --- Gesellschaft Jesu --- Jesuitas --- Jesuiten --- Jesuiti --- Jezuïten --- Jésuites --- Paters Jezuïten --- Societeit van Jezus --- イエズス会 --- カトリック イエズス会
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The volume theme is the distinctiveness of Jesuits and their ministries that was discussed at the first International Symposium on Jesuit Studies held at Boston College’s Institute for Advanced Jesuit Studies in June 2015. It explores the quidditas Jesuitica , or the specifically Jesuit way(s) of proceeding in which Jesuits and their colleagues operated from historical, geographical, social, and cultural perspectives. The collection poses a question whether there was an essential core of distinctive elements that characterized the way in which Jesuits lived their religious vocation and conducted their various works and how these ways of proceeding were lived out in the various epochs and cultures in which Jesuits worked over four and a half centuries; what changed and adapted itself to different times and situations, and what remained constant, transcending time and place, infusing the apostolic works and lives of Jesuits with the charism at the source of the Society of Jesus’s foundation and development. Thanks to generous support of the Institute for Advanced Jesuit Studies at Boston College , this volume is available in Open Access.
#GBIB: jesuitica --- 271.5-8 --- Jezuïeten: speciale gebruiken: specifiek apostolaat opvoedingssysteem --- Jesuits --- Cizvit Cemiyeti --- Compagnia di Gesù --- Compagnia di Giesù --- Compagnie de Jésus --- Companhia de Jesus --- Compañía de Jesús --- Dòng Chúa Giêsu --- Dòng TênDòng Chúa Giêsu --- Družba Isusova --- Gesellschaft Jesu --- Gesuiti --- Iezusukai --- Jesuit Order --- Jesuítas --- Jesuiten --- Jesuitenorden --- Jésuites --- Jesus Society --- Jezsuiták --- Jezuici --- Jézus Társaság --- Ordre des jésuites --- Padri Gesuiti --- S.J. (Societas Jesu) --- Serikat Jesus --- SJ --- Societas Iesu --- Societas Jesu --- Société des jésuites --- Society of Jesus --- Tovaryšstvo Ježišovo --- Towarzystwo Jezusowe --- Yesu hui --- Yezuiti --- Congresses. --- 271.5-8 Jezuïeten: speciale gebruiken: specifiek apostolaat opvoedingssysteem --- Compagnie de Jésus --- Compañia de Jesus --- Jesuitas --- Jesuiti --- Jezuïten --- Jésuites --- Paters Jezuïten --- Societeit van Jezus --- 271.5-8 Jezuïeten: speciale gebruiken: specifiek apostolaat; opvoedingssysteem --- Jezuïeten: speciale gebruiken: specifiek apostolaat; opvoedingssysteem --- イエズス会 --- カトリック イエズス会 --- History --- Identification (Religion)
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