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Die Unterscheidung zwischen subjektiver und objektiver Zeit stellt in modernen Zeit-Theorien einen scharfen Dualismus dar, der das gegenwärtige Denken über Zeit tief prägt. Aus dieser Sicht gilt es als bislang unüberwindliches Problem, eine einheitliche Theorie der Zeit zu entwickeln, die eine subjektive und objektive Zeit-Konzeption konsistent zusammenführt. Das wichtigste Ziel dieses Essays besteht darin, zu einer Abschwächung dieses Problems beizutragen. Dazu wird im ersten Teil auf die Zeit-Theorie des Aristoteles zurückgeblickt und eine Lesart entwickelt, die zeigt, dass und wie Aristoteles eine einheitliche Theorie der Zeit aufgebaut hat, die sowohl subjektive als auch objektiver Komponenten aufweist. Dafür muss allerdings die verbreitete moderne Interpretation dieser Theorie entkräftet werden, die Aristoteles' zeit-theoretischen Ansatz für grandios gescheitert erklärt hat. Im zweiten Teil des Essays wird nachgewiesen, das der moderne Dualismus von subjektiver und objektiver Zeit auf einer allgemeineren Unterscheidung von Subjektivität und Objektivität beruht, die sich als naiv und unhaltbar erweist. Aus Sicht der modernen Philosophie ist jede wichtige Art von Subjektivität mit einer Art von Objektivität durchschossen. Damit lässt sich auch die Differenz von subjektiver und objektiver Zeit so abschwächen, dass sich zumindest im Kontext der Erde als Bezugssystem mit ihren Entitäten mittlerer Größe eine einheitliche Theorie der Zeit abzeichnet. This essay examines the differentiation between subjective and objective time in Aristotle and in modern theories of time. It aims to show that (i) Aristotle does make this distinction but regards subjective and objective time as compatible, whereas (ii) modern theories of time have sharpened this distinction into a strict duality, but (iii) a sharp division of this kind is theoretically untenable.

Subjectivity --- Subjectivism --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Relativity --- RELIGION / Philosophy. --- Aristotle and the unified theory of time. --- Subjectivity. --- dualism. --- objectivity. --- psychology of subjective time.

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This open access book brings together works by specialists from different disciplines and continents to reflect on the nexus between leadership, spirituality and discernment, particularly with regard to a world that is increasingly volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA). The book spells out, first of all, what our VUCA world entails, and how it affects businesses, organizations, and societies as a whole. Secondly, the book develops new perspectives on the processes of leadership, spirituality, and discernment, particularly in this VUCA context. These perspectives are interdisciplinary in nature, and are informed by e.g. management studies, leadership theory, philosophy, and theology.

Business—Religious aspects. --- Religion and sociology. --- Philosophy. --- Social responsibility of busines. --- Leadership. --- Faith, Spirituality and Business. --- Sociology of Religion. --- Philosophy of Religion. --- Corporate Social Responsibility. --- Business Strategy/Leadership. --- Ability --- Command of troops --- Followership --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Religion and society --- Religious sociology --- Society and religion --- Sociology, Religious --- Sociology and religion --- Sociology of religion --- Sociology --- Business --- Social responsibility of business. --- Religious aspects. --- Corporate accountability --- Corporate responsibility --- Corporate social responsibility --- Corporations --- CSR (Corporate social responsibility) --- Industries --- Social responsibility, Corporate --- Social responsibility of industry --- Business ethics --- Issues management --- Social responsibility --- Social aspects --- Religion—Philosophy. --- Management science --- Business—Religious aspects --- Religion and sociology --- Religion—Philosophy --- Social responsibility of business --- Leadership

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This book develops a new philosophy of Israel education. “Person-centered” Israel education is concerned with developing in individual learners the ability to understand and make rational, emotional, and ethical decisions about Israel, and about the challenges Israel regularly faces, whether they be existential, spiritual, democratic, humanitarian, national, etc. Chazan begins by laying out the terms of the conversation then examines the six-pronged theory of “person-centered” Israel education to outline the aims, content, pedagogy, and educators needed to implement this program. Finally, the author meditates on what a transformation from ethnic to ethical education might look like in this context and others. Barry Chazan is Professor of Education and Founding Director of the Master of Arts in Jewish Professional Studies Program at the Spertus Institute of Jewish Learning and Leadership. He is Emeritus Professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.

Education. --- Judaism. --- Religion and sociology. --- Religion --- Education --- Educational Philosophy. --- Religion and Society. --- Philosophy of Religion. --- Philosophy. --- Religion and society --- Religious sociology --- Society and religion --- Sociology, Religious --- Sociology and religion --- Sociology of religion --- Jews --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Sociology --- Religions --- Semites --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Education—Philosophy. --- Religion—Philosophy. --- Philosophy of Education --- Religion and Society --- Philosophy of Religion --- Judaism

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In a Darwinian world, religious behavior - just like other behaviors - is likely to have undergone a process of natural selection in which it was rewarded in the evolutionary currency of reproductive success. This book aims to provide a better understanding of the social scenarios in which selection pressure led to religious practices becoming an evolved human trait, i.e. an adaptive answer to the conditions of living and surviving that prevailed among our prehistoric ancestors. This aim is pursued by a team of expert authors from a range of disciplines. Their contributions examine the relevant physiological, emotional, cognitive and social processes. The resulting understanding of the functional interplay of these processes gives valuable insights into the biological roots and benefits of religion.

Evolutionary psychology. --- Human evolution -- Religious aspects. --- Psychology, Religious. --- Religion and culture. --- Human evolution --- Psychology, Religious --- Evolutionary psychology --- Religion and culture --- Culture --- Humanities --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Anthropology, Cultural --- Anthropology --- Social Sciences --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- History --- Cultural Evolution --- Religion and Psychology --- Religion --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Philosophy & Religion --- Evolution --- Religion - General --- Religious aspects --- Religious aspects. --- Psychology of religion --- Religions --- Religious psychology --- Psychological aspects --- Psychology --- Life sciences. --- Religion. --- Modern philosophy. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Anthropology. --- Life Sciences. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Modern Philosophy. --- Philosophy of Religion. --- Religious Studies, general. --- Philosophy. --- Psychology and religion --- Evolution (Biology). --- Philosophy, modern. --- Religion, Primitive --- Atheism --- God --- Irreligion --- Theology --- Human beings --- Mental philosophy --- Modern philosophy --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Religion—Philosophy. --- Primitive societies --- Human evolution - Religious aspects --- Social sciences --- Religious studies

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Philosophy --- Philosophie --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Philosophy. --- Arts and Humanities --- history of philosophy --- history of science --- philosophy of science --- ethics --- political philosophy --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Religion & Philosophy (General) --- Filosofía --- Filosofia. --- Humanitats --- Absurd (Filosofia) --- Acte (Filosofia) --- Alienació (Filosofia) --- Analogia --- Animalitat (Filosofia) --- Axiomes --- Bé i mal --- Cicles --- Complexitat (Filosofia) --- Consciència --- Constructivisme (Filosofia) --- Contradicció --- Convenció (Filosofia) --- Creença i dubte --- Criticisme (Filosofia) --- Descripció (Filosofia) --- Desig (Filosofia) --- Determinisme (Filosofia) --- Diferència (Filosofia) --- Disposició (Filosofia) --- Dualisme --- Eclecticisme --- Ésser (Filosofia) --- Estètica --- Estratègia (Filosofia) --- Estructuralisme --- Ètica --- Evolució --- Fatalisme --- Feminitat (Filosofia) --- Fets (Filosofia) --- Filosofia africana --- Filosofia anglesa --- Filosofia antiga --- Filosofia àrab --- Filosofia contemporània --- Filosofia de la comunicació --- Filosofia de la ment --- Filosofia de la natura --- Filosofia de la religió --- Filosofia del dret --- Filosofia del llenguatge --- Filosofia europea --- Filosofia hindú --- Filosofia llatinoamericana --- Filosofia mèdica --- Filosofia medieval --- Filosofia moderna --- Filosofia per a infants --- Filosofia social --- Harmonia (Filosofia) --- Heurística --- Il·lusió (Filosofia) --- Imaginació (Filosofia) --- Imatge (Filosofia) --- Intencionalitat (Filosofia) --- Interacció (Filosofia) --- Irreligiositat --- Jo (Filosofia) --- Joc (Filosofia) --- Justícia (Filosofia) --- Llenguatge filosòfic --- Lògica --- Logos (Filosofia) --- Materialisme --- Metafísica --- Memòria (Filosofia) --- Negativitat (Filosofia) --- Nihilisme (Filosofia) --- Norma (Filosofia) --- Objecte (Filosofia) --- Ontologia --- Ordre (Filosofia) --- Participació (Filosofia) --- Pensament polític --- Percepció (Filosofia) --- Perfecció --- Pessimisme --- Pluralisme --- Polaritat (Filosofia) --- Principi (Filosofia) --- Quatre elements (Filosofia) --- Realitat --- Reduccionisme --- Referència (Filosofia) --- Reflexió (Filosofia) --- Regressió infinita --- Repetició (Filosofia) --- Representació (Filosofia) --- Teisme --- Teleologia --- Teoria (Filosofia) --- Teoria de l'oposició --- Teoria del coneixement --- Transcendència (Filosofia) --- Transhumanisme --- Tradició (Filosofia) --- Vaguetat (Filosofia) --- Veritat --- Didàctica de la filosofia --- Ensenyament de la filosofia --- Història de la filosofia --- Premi Minerva