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Lange Zeit stellten die entkoppelten Direktzahlungen ein wichtiges Instrument zur Förderung der Landwirtschaft sowohl in den USA als auch in der EU dar. Ihre Abschaffung in den USA durch die Agrarreform von 2014 markierte den Bruch des bisherigen Trends zur Angleichung der Agrarpolitiken beider Akteure. Die vorliegende Arbeit erklärt mithilfe der Konvergenztheorie die Ursachen für die neu auftretenden Divergenzen. Es werden die Gründe für den Reformdruck in Bezug auf die Direktzahlungen identifiziert sowie die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen den USA und der EU herausgearbeitet und bewertet. Schließlich werden die Konvergenzmuster untersucht und der Konvergenzprozess erklärt. Der Analyse liegt ein umfassender Vergleich der jeweiligen Entwicklung der Direktzahlungen zugrunde, einschließlich ihrer Behandlung in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur auf beiden Seiten des Atlantiks. Lange Zeit stellten die entkoppelten Direktzahlungen ein wichtiges Instrument zur Förderung der Landwirtschaft sowohl in den USA als auch in der EU dar. Ihre Abschaffung in den USA durch die Agrarreform von 2014 markierte den Bruch des bisherigen Trends zur Angleichung der Agrarpolitiken beider Akteure. Die vorliegende Arbeit erklärt mithilfe der Konvergenztheorie die Ursachen für die neu auftretenden Divergenzen. Es werden die Gründe für den Reformdruck in Bezug auf die Direktzahlungen identifiziert sowie die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen den USA und der EU herausgearbeitet und bewertet. Schließlich werden die Konvergenzmuster untersucht und der Konvergenzprozess erklärt. Der Analyse liegt ein umfassender Vergleich der jeweiligen Entwicklung der Direktzahlungen zugrunde, einschließlich ihrer Behandlung in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur auf beiden Seiten des Atlantiks.

agriculture --- agricultural reform --- agricultural policy

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The Cota, territorialised food-processing cooperation partnerships, are made up of groups of SME which apply pioneering collective strategies to improve their competitiveness by using the region as a decisive variable. The study of some fifteen cases suggests two analysis paths. The first covers the building up of these new forms of cooperation by highlighting organisational trajectories. The second puts forward thoughts on the role of the territory variable in the Cota dynamics through original territorialisation strategies. The Cota are not just an analysis tool for new forms of cooperation in the food-processing industry. They are also of interest politically, as they constitute an experimental laboratory for public action by putting forward outline recommendations for good support practices.

Food industry and trade --- Agriculture and state --- Agricultural industries --- Agribusiness --- Industries --- Agrarian question --- Agricultural policy --- Agriculture --- State and agriculture --- Economic policy --- Land reform --- Environmental aspects --- Government policy --- public policy --- land settlement --- food

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Food law and legislation --- Agricultural laws and legislation --- Aliments --- Droit rural --- Droit --- Alimentation humaine --- Human feeding --- Agriculture --- agriculture --- Législation --- legislation --- world --- 63 --- 641 --- 664 --- #ANTIL9607 --- Agriculture and related sciences and techniques. Forestry. Farming. Wildlife exploitation --- Food. Cooking. Dishes --- Production and preservation of solid foodstuffs --- #ANTIL9605 --- Social Sciences and Humanities. Agricultural Economics --- Agricultural Policy --- Agricultural Policy. --- 664 Production and preservation of solid foodstuffs --- 63 Agriculture and related sciences and techniques. Forestry. Farming. Wildlife exploitation --- agriculture. --- legislation. --- 63 Landbouw, veeteelt en verwante wetenschappen en technieken. Bosbouw. Landbouw. Exploitatie van dieren in het wild. --- Landbouw, veeteelt en verwante wetenschappen en technieken. Bosbouw. Landbouw. Exploitatie van dieren in het wild.

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These conference proceedings present a series of evaluations of agri-environmental policies in OECD countries. They examine how effective the policies have been in achieving objectives and what policy makers have learned about the design and implementation of their policies. These proceedings show that different methods of policy evaluation are complementary. Most countries focus on evaluating the environmental effectiveness rather than the economic efficiency of policies, using physical indicators rather than monetary values. Many policies are achieving their environmental objectives, but are taking longer than originally anticipated. The initiative being taken in many countries to incorporate monitoring and data collection into program design and implementation is a positive development. But a number of steps need to be taken to improve the quality of evaluations, including the better articulation of policy goals and objectives, improving data quality and establishing baselines for comparison.--Publisher's summary.

Agriculture --- Environmental policy --- Agriculture and state --- Environmental aspects --- Agrarian question --- Agricultural policy --- State and agriculture --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Government policy --- Economic policy --- Land reform --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Politique agricole --- Environnement --- Politique gouvernementale --- Aspect de l'environnement

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Movements After Revolution is a history of how and why people's movements organized and struggled in the aftermath of the Mexican Revolution of 1910-20. Focusing on the first decade after the Revolution in 1920-30, it explains the rise of an unprecedented variety of organizations among industrial workers and rural communities, and how they fought for a vast array of demands and diverse forms of justice. The most independent and strategic parts of the labor movement and the agrarian movement grew in relation to Communist organizers who sought to create a national revolutionary alliance against capitalism and the state, as part of an international revolutionary movement for socialism. In response to national crises and changes in global revolutionary strategy, these parts of the labor movement and the agrarian movement formed unique allied organizations and prepared for ultimately ruinous struggles with companies, landlords, and the state. By examining the roles of activists, their antagonists, divisive contexts, and complex consequences, this work offers original insights into the influences and limits of the Revolution on people's movements in Mexico.

Labor movement --- Social movements --- Agriculture and state --- Socialism --- History --- Agrarian Movement;Communism;Communist Party;Labor Movement;Land Reform;Latin America;Mexican Revolution;Modern Mexico;People’s Movement;Popular Movement --- Marxism --- Social democracy --- Socialist movements --- Collectivism --- Anarchism --- Communism --- Critical theory --- Agrarian question --- Agricultural policy --- Agriculture --- State and agriculture --- Economic policy --- Land reform --- Labor and laboring classes --- Movements, Social --- Social history --- Social psychology --- Government policy