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This open access book looks at how a democracy can devolve into a post-factual state. The media is being flooded by populist narratives, fake news, conspiracy theories and make-believe. Misinformation is turning into a challenge for all of us, whether politicians, journalists, or citizens. In the age of information, attention is a prime asset and may be converted into money, power, and influence – sometimes at the cost of facts. The point is to obtain exposure on the air and in print media, and to generate traffic on social media platforms. With information in abundance and attention scarce, the competition is ever fiercer with truth all too often becoming the first victim. Reality Lost: Markets of Attention, Misinformation and Manipulation is an analysis by philosophers Vincent F. Hendricks and Mads Vestergaard of the nuts and bolts of the information market, the attention economy and media eco-system which may pave way to postfactual democracy. Here misleading narratives become the basis for political opinion formation, debate, and legislation. To curb this development and the threat it poses to democratic deliberation, political self-determination and freedom, it is necessary that we first grasp the mechanisms and structural conditions that cause it. .

Internet marketing. --- Digital media. --- Philosophy. --- Behavioral economics. --- Online Marketing/Social Media. --- Digital/New Media. --- Philosophy of Technology. --- Behavioral/Experimental Economics. --- Behavioral economics --- Behavioural economics --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Electronic media --- New media (Digital media) --- Mass media --- Digital communications --- Online journalism --- Online marketing --- Web marketing --- World Wide Web marketing --- Electronic commerce --- Marketing --- Misinformation --- Attention Economics --- Donald Trump --- Social Media --- Populism --- Information Age --- Digital Authority --- Information --- Conspiracy Theory --- Democracy --- Politics --- Philosophy --- Digitial Slavery

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This open access book addresses communicative aspects of the current COVID-19 pandemic as well as the epidemic of misinformation from the perspective of argumentation theory. Argumentation theory is uniquely placed to understand and account for the challenges of public reason as expressed through argumentative discourse. The book thus focuses on the extent to which the forms, norms and functions of public argumentation have changed in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. This question is investigated along the three main research lines of the COST Action project CA 17132: European network for Argumentation and Public PoLicY analysis (APPLY): descriptive, normative, and prescriptive. The volume offers a broad range of contributions which treat argumentative phenomena that are directly related to the changes in public discourse in the wake of the outburst of COVID-19. The volume additionally places particular emphasis on expert argumentation, given (i) the importance expert discourse has had over the last two years, and (ii) the challenges that expert argumentation has faced in the public sphere as a result of scientific uncertainty and widespread misinformation. Contributions are divided into three groups, which (i) examine various features and aspects of public and institutional discourse about the COVID-19 pandemic, (ii) scrutinize the way health policies have been discussed, debated, attacked and defended in the public sphere, and (iii) consider a range of proposals meant to improve the quality of public discourse, and public deliberation in particular, in such a way that concrete proposals for argumentative literacy will be brought to light. Overall, this volume constitutes a timely inquiry into all things argumentative in pandemic discourse. This volume is of interest to a broad readership including philosophers, linguists, communication and legal scholars, and members of the wider public who seek to better understand the discourse surrounding communicative phenomena in times of crisis.

Philosophy of language --- linguistics --- Society & social sciences --- Media studies --- Argument Propagation --- Fake News Propagation --- Argumentation Covid --- Misinformation Pandemic --- Conspiracy Theory Covid --- Argumentative Literacy --- Public Debate --- Trust/Mistrust in Science --- Public Health Discourse --- Political Interference and Argumentative Styles --- Metalinguistic Arguments on What Counts As “Covid-19 Death” --- Evaluative Component in Pragmatic Argumentation --- public Discourse First Wave Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic in Italy --- Controversies and Dispute in France During the Covid-19 Crisis --- Analysing the Public Debate About Lockdown --- Responding to the COVID Conspiracy Theories --- Why Narratives are More Powerful Arguments than Fact-Checking --- Expanded Understanding of the Role of Analogy --- Argumentative Dark Side of Pandemic Discourse --- Open Access --- Language and languages—Philosophy. --- Linguistics—Methodology. --- Social sciences. --- Communication. --- Philosophy of Language. --- Research Methods in Language and Linguistics. --- Society. --- Media and Communication. --- Communication, Primitive --- Mass communication --- Sociology --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization