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This multidisciplinary book comprehensively describes one of the worst human-made environmental catastrophes of the twentieth century: the slow onset of incremental changes which affected the Aral Sea region and its peoples. It provides an important example of how to approach such disasters for students and researchers of environmental studies, global change, political science and history.

Environmental degradation --- Sustainable development --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Degradation, Environmental --- Destruction, Environmental --- Deterioration, Environmental --- Environmental destruction --- Environmental deterioration --- Natural disasters --- Environmental quality --- Environmental aspects

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El Niño can have drastic effects on livelihoods in affected regions. As the climate changes, there will also be changes in El Nino behavior and therefor in its impacts around the globe on human activities such as agriculture, water resources and weather extremes. The country-specific studies covered in this book are undertaken by experts on climate, water and weather-related fields in the countries being studied. Furthermore, aspects from other disciplines, for example from social sciences have been drawn upon in order to cover crosscutting themes which are identified: depicting similarities and differences in responses to El Nino's impacts such as drought, floods, famines, health-related issues and the like.

Geophysics --- Meteorology. Climatology --- Geology. Earth sciences --- General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Physical geography --- environment --- ecologie --- geologie --- milieutechnologie --- zeeën --- fysische geografie --- aarde (astronomie) --- natuurrampen --- Emergency management. --- Catàstrofes naturals --- Canvi climàtic --- Gestió d'emergències

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Water-supply --- Sustainable development --- Water rights --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Environmental Engineering --- Rights, Water --- Water --- Riparian rights --- Water trusts --- Availability, Water --- Water availability --- Water resources --- Natural resources --- Public utilities --- Water resources development --- Water utilities --- Law and legislation

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Over the last 20 years, developments in climatology have provided an amazing array of explanations for the pattern of world climates. This textbook, first published in 2006, examines the earth's climate systems in light of this incredible growth in data availability, data retrieval systems, and satellite and computer applications. It considers regional climate anomalies, developments in teleconnections, unusual sequences of recent climate change, and human impacts upon the climate system. The physical climate forms the main part of the book, but it also considers social and economic aspects of the global climate system. This textbook has been derived from the authors' extensive experience of teaching climatology and atmospheric science. Each chapter contains an essay by a specialist in the field to enhance the understanding of selected topics. An extensive bibliography is included and lists of websites for further study. This textbook will be invaluable to advanced students of climatology and atmospheric science.

Meteorology. Climatology --- Climatology --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Climatology. --- Meteorology. --- Aerology --- Atmospheric science --- Climate --- Climate science --- Climate sciences --- Science of climate --- Teleconnection patterns (Climatology) --- Climatic changes --- Ocean-atmosphere interaction