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This report seeks to better understand why the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) has been more successful than its predecessor organization, al Qaeda, in recruiting individuals within the United States. The authors consider whether the demographic profile of individuals drawn to foreign terrorist organizations (FTOs) has changed over time or whether new groups are more successful appealing to the same segment of the population. They take an expansive approach, analyzing all known cases of U.S. citizens or persons within the United States connected to a FTO with Islamist orientation since September 11, 2001, and use consistent criteria for inclusion and exclusion to identify individuals meeting this definition, and coding multiple demographic variables. They then conduct a quantitative analysis of the entire population, as well as the population broken down by group and by role (i.e., foreign fighters, homegrown violent extremists, etc.). Their findings reveal that the number of U.S. recruits drawn to al Qaeda and its affiliate groups has declined precipitously, commensurate with the ascent of ISIL, and that the average terrorist recruited by ISIL is not only younger and less educated but more likely to be African American/black or Caucasian/white and a U.S.-born citizen. Historically, terrorist recruits were more likely immigrants of Middle Eastern descent. These findings are relevant to U.S. defense, intelligence, and law enforcement officials, as well as to civilian academic and policymaking audiences, who may be unaware of this altered demographic profile, a perception that could bias counterterrorism policy and efforts.

Terrorists --- Criminals --- Recruiting --- IS (Organization) --- Qaida (Organization) --- ISIL (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant) --- ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) --- Daech --- Daeş --- Daesh --- Daʻiş --- Dāʻish --- Daisy --- Dâʼisy al-ʻIrāq wa-asy-Syâm --- Daulah Islamiyah Iraq dan Syam --- Dawlah al-Islāmīyah --- Dawlah al-Islāmiyah fi al-'Irāq wa-al-Shām --- ES --- Estado Islâmico --- Estado Islâmico do Iraque --- Estado Islâmico do Iraque e da Síria --- Estado Islâmico do Iraque e Síria --- IGIL --- IŞİD --- Islamic State --- Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham --- Islamic State of Iraq and Syria --- Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant --- Islamskoe gosudarstvo Iraka i Levanta --- ИГИЛ --- Исламское государство Ирака и Леванта --- داعش --- دولة الإسلامية --- دولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام‎ --- Qāʻidah (Organization) --- Quaida (Organization) --- Al-Qaida (Organization) --- Qaeda (Organization) --- International Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders --- Islamic Salvation Foundation --- Group for the Preservation of the Holy Sites --- Islamic Army for the Preservation of Holy Sites --- Islamic Army for the Preservation of the Holy Places --- Al Qaeda (Organization) --- Al Queda (Organization) --- Alʹ-Kaida (Organization) --- Kaida (Organization) --- R̄ekxirawî Elqaʻîde --- Elqaʻîde (Organization) --- تنظيم القاعدة --- قاعدة (منظمة) --- Al-Qaedah (Organization) --- דאעש --- État islamique

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"Despite a recent slowdown, Mongolia has experienced dramatic economic growth in the 2000s, exceeding global trends. Foreign direct investment, mining, infrastructure spending, and, more recently, strong fiscal and monetary stimulus measures have driven much of this growth. The country now faces challenges in terms of creating jobs without overly relying on public spending fueled by natural resource exploitation. In 2014, the Mongolian government commissioned RAND to collaborate on a study of the labor market with the Institute for Labour Studies (ILS) of the Mongolian Ministry of Labour. Using a supply-demand framework, this study analyzed the Mongolian labor market to identify where it is performing well, where it is underperforming, and whether there are constraints to improvement. RAND and ILS especially focused on youth labor and education issues, using a new survey developed by the two organizations. The ILS and RAND teams chose this focus because of the importance of youth labor-market success to the economic future of the country and because analysis of Mongolian labor data showed relatively high rates of youth not in school or the labor market compared with a variety of other economies, including other similar transition economies. The Mongolian Ministry of Population Development and Social Welfare has recognized this importance by announcing 2015 as the year of youth development. The ILS-RAND Mongolian Youth Survey is a nationwide survey that provides new insights into the challenges faced by youth, as well as their achievements and aspirations, to inform the development of policy to address these concerns."--Back cover.

Labor market --- Youth --- Education --- Occupational training --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Business & Economics --- Employment --- Economic aspects --- Young people --- Young persons --- Youngsters --- Youths --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Job training --- Manpower development and training --- Manpower training programs --- Vocational training --- Supply and demand --- Age groups --- Life cycle, Human --- Markets --- Training --- Education and training services industry --- Practice firms --- Mongolia --- Mongolia. --- Economic conditions. --- BNMAU --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Mongol Ard Uls --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Mongol Ard Ulsyn --- Bügd Nayramdah Mongol Ard Uls --- Gaimōko --- Meng-ku --- Meng-ku jen min kung ho kuo --- Menggu --- Menggu ren min gong he guo --- MNR --- Mōko Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Mongġol --- Mongġol Ulus --- Mongol Népköztársaság --- Mongol Uls --- Mongolei --- Mongolian People's Republic --- Mongolian Republic --- Mongolie --- Mongoliet --- Mongolii͡ --- Mongolische Volksrepublik --- Mongolʹskai͡a narodnai͡a respublika --- Mongoru --- Mongoru Jimmin Kyōwakoku --- Mongoru Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Outer Mongolia --- République populaire de Mongolie --- Wai Meng-ku --- China