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The papers collected here are a product of the second conference on Ireland's Great Hunger held at Quinnipiac University in 2005. This volume, focused on the theses of relief, representation, and remembrance, contains essays from a broad range of disciplines including works of history, literary criticism, anthropology, and art history.

Famines --- History --- Ireland

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For the people in the Early Modern Age, famines were regularly recurring phenomena. So not less than eight of these crises happened in the areas of Lower Saxony between 1690 and 1750, which had a lasting impact on various aspects of life for the contemporaries. Therefore topics of different historical subdisciplines like economic, social, cultural and environmental history are dealt with in this dissertation. Thus, this thesis aims to bridge the gap between climatically and socially determined patterns of hunger. With the help of the concept of vulnerability it is shown that hunger crises can neither be ascribed to natural processes nor human operations exclusively. In fact they were the outcome of a chain of human-nature-interactions and were perceived as such by the contemporaries. A further emphasis of this book is put on the examination of contemporary coping strategies. The hereby worked out explanatory and interpretive models proved to be determining how the contemporaries tried to cope with hunger on a personal and joint level. Regarding the latter it is shown that famines played a decisive role in the consolidation of leadership in the Early Modern Age. Because of their regular recurrence they worked as focal points of the negotiation of sovereignity between authorities and subjects more than any other crisis situation in this process. Hungersnöte und Teuerungen waren für die Menschen der Frühen Neuzeit regelmäßig wiederkehrende Phänomene. So ereigneten sich zwischen 1690 und 1750 nicht weniger als acht derartige Krisen im niedersächsischen Raum, welche sich umfassend auf verschiedene Lebensbereiche der Zeitgenossen auswirkten, weshalb Themen unterschiedlicher historischer Subdisziplinen wie der Wirtschafts-, Sozial-, Kultur- und Umweltgeschichte in dieser Arbeit behandelt werden. Dieses Buch versteht sich dabei als ein Beitrag zur Überwindung der Frontstellung von klima- und sozialdeterministischen Hungermodellen. Mithilfe des Konzeptes der Vulnerabilität wird dargestellt, dass sich Hungerkrisen weder rein auf natürliche Prozesse noch rein auf das menschliche Agieren zurückführen lassen. Vielmehr waren sie das Produkt einer Kette von Mensch-Natur-Interaktionen und wurden von den Zeitgenossen auch so wahrgenommen. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit liegt auf der Untersuchung zeitgenössischer Bewältigungsstrategien. Die herausgearbeiteten Erklärungs- und Deutungsmuster erweisen sich dabei als bestimmend dafür, wie die Zeitgenossen auf persönlicher und gemeinschaftlicher Ebene versuchten, die Krisen abzuwenden. Hinsichtlich letzterem zeigt sich, dass Teuerungen im Herrschaftsverdichtungsprozess der Frühen Neuzeit eine besondere Rolle besaßen. Sie dienten aufgrund ihrer regelmäßigen Wiederkehr stärker als andere Krisensituationen als Kristallisationspunkte des „Aushandelns von Herrschaft“ zwischen Untertanen und Obrigkeiten in diesem Prozess.

Famines --- Crisis management --- Leadership --- History --- Prevention. --- History.

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"Until recently, plagues were thought to belong in the ancient past. Now there are deep worries about global pandemics. This book presents views from anthropology about this much publicized and complex problem. The authors take us to places where epidemics are erupting, waning, or gone and to other places where they have not yet arrived, but where a frightening story-line is already in place. They explore public health bureaucracies and political arenas where the power lies to make decisions about what is, and is not, an epidemic. They look back into global history to uncover disease trends and look ahead to a future of expanding plagues within the context of climate change. The chapters are written from a range of perspectives, from the science of modelling epidemics to the social science of understanding them. Patterns emerge when people are engulfed by diseases labeled as epidemics but which have the hallmarks of plague. There are cycles of shame and blame, stigma, isolation of the sick, fear of contagion, and end-of-the-world scenarios. Plague, it would seem, is still among us."--

Epidemics --- Plague --- Famines --- Environmentally induced diseases. --- History.

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A new research narrative is emerging in hunger research, which sees the natural environment and human action as closely intertwined. The concept of “vulnerability” in human societies plays a central role in this context. This approach seeks to overcome the postcolonial front position of climate and social deterministic hunger models in favor of an integrative perspective on the interaction between man and nature. The focus is on the practices of the actors, their "acting in hunger crises". The aim of the volume is to present the vulnerability approach as a possible “bridging concept” for multidisciplinary hunger research. For this purpose, the book brings together authors from the fields of anthropology, sociology, geography, history and development research. The articles analyze from a historical, environmental-historical perspective how the constitutive interplay of climatic and cultural factors opens up scope for action to those affected. In this way, the volume not only enables a new perspective on a field that has become a current problem again with global climate change. It also points beyond and illustrates the various forms of “socialization” of climatic impulses. that has become a contemporary problem again with global climate change. It also points beyond and illustrates the various forms of “socialization” of climatic impulses. that has become a contemporary problem again with global climate change. It also points beyond and illustrates the various forms of “socialization” of climatic impulses.

Famines --- Food supply --- Climatic changes --- History --- Social aspects

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Famines. --- Famines --- Food security --- Food deserts --- Food insecurity --- Insecurity, Food --- Security, Food --- Human security --- Food supply --- Famine --- Starvation