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A particular dark triumph of modern nationalism has been its ability to persuade citizens to sacrifice their lives for a political vision forged by emotional ties to a common identity. Both men and women can respond to nationalistic calls to fight that portray muscular warriors defending their nation against an easily recognizable enemy. This “us versus them” mentality can be seen in sectarian violence between Hindus and Muslims, Tamils and Sinhalas, Serbs and Kosovars, and Protestants and Catholics. In Muscular Nationalism, Sikata Banerjee takes a comparative look at India and Ireland and the relationship among gender, violence, and nationalism. Exploring key texts and events from 1914-2004, Banerjee explores how women negotiate “muscular nationalisms” as they seek to be recognized as legitimate nationalists and equal stakeholders in their national struggles.Banerjee argues that the gendered manner in which dominant nationalism has been imagined in most states in the world has had important implications for women’s lived experiences. Drawing on a specific intersection of gender and nationalism, she discusses the manner in which women negotiate a political and social terrain infused with a masculinized dream of nation-building. India and Ireland—two states shaped by the legacy of British imperialism and forced to deal with modern political/social conflict centering on competing nationalisms—provide two provocative case studies that illuminate the complex interaction between gender and nation.

Nationalism --- Masculinity --- Women --- Masculinity (Psychology) --- Sex (Psychology) --- Men --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- History. --- Great Britain --- British Empire --- Colonies. --- 316.371 --- 323.1 <417> --- 323.1 <540> --- 316.371 Gender --- Gender --- 323.1 <417> Nationale bewegingen. Nationalisme. Rassenpolitiek--Republiek Ierland --- Nationale bewegingen. Nationalisme. Rassenpolitiek--Republiek Ierland --- History --- Nationale bewegingen. Nationalisme. Rassenpolitiek--India

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This book not only draws together the concepts of gender and civil society, but also adopts an international perspective, highlighting the diverse trajectories of women organizing in different country contexts and the historical, cultural and

Women in public life. --- Women in community organization. --- Civil society. --- Feminist theory. --- Feminism --- Feminist philosophy --- Feminist sociology --- Theory of feminism --- Social contract --- Community organization --- Women volunteers in social service --- Philosophy --- Civil society --- Feminist theory --- Women in community organization --- Women in public life --- #SBIB:316.346H20 --- #SBIB:324H50 --- 316.371 --- 316.371 Gender --- Gender --- Positie van de vrouw in de samenleving: algemeen --- Politieke participatie en legitimiteit (referenda, directe democratie, publieke opinie...)

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Sex and Gender is a substantially revised second edition of a classic text. Adopting a balanced and straightforward approach to the often controversial study of sex differences, the authors aim to introduce the reader to the fundamental questions relating to sex and gender in an accessible way at the same time as drawing on research in this and related areas. New developments which are explored in this edition include the rise of evolutionary psychology and the influence of Social Role Theory as well as additional psychoanalytic and ethno-methodological approaches which have all contributed to a greater understanding of the complex nature of masculinity and femininity.

Sex differences (Psychology) --- Sex differences. --- Sex role. --- Sex differences (Psychology). --- 316.371 --- 316.371 Gender --- Gender --- Gender role --- Sex (Psychology) --- Social role --- Gender expression --- Sexism --- Gender differences --- Sexual dimorphism in humans --- Sex differentiation --- Psychiatry --- Social problems --- Sexology --- Social psychology --- Sociology of work --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Psychology --- Sex differences --- Sex role --- Health Sciences --- Psychiatry & Psychology --- Gender roles --- Gendered role --- Gendered roles --- Role, Gender --- Role, Gendered --- Role, Sex --- Roles, Gender --- Roles, Gendered --- Roles, Sex --- Sex roles --- Aggression --- Family --- Sex --- Labour --- Psychological vulnerabilities --- Sexuality --- Socialization --- Stereotypes --- Book

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Adrian Bingham uses the popular press to explore the attitudes and identities of inter-war Britain, and in particular the reshaping of femininity and masculinity. He provides an insight into a period when women and men were coming to terms with rapid social change, while deepening the understanding of the development of modern media.

Women --- Women in mass media --- Sex role in mass media --- Sex role --- English newspapers --- Gender Studies & Sexuality --- Communication & Mass Media --- Journalism & Communications --- Gender & Ethnic Studies --- Social Sciences --- Newspapers --- Gender role --- Sex (Psychology) --- Sex differences (Psychology) --- Social role --- Gender expression --- Sexism --- Mass media --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- History --- Press coverage --- 070 <41> --- 316.371 --- 316.371 Gender --- Gender --- 070 <41> Pers. Nieuwsbladen. Magazines. Redaktie. Journalistiek--(algemeen)--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- Pers. Nieuwsbladen. Magazines. Redaktie. Journalistiek--(algemeen)--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- Press coverage&delete& --- Great Britain --- Social life and customs --- Gender roles --- Gendered role --- Gendered roles --- Role, Gender --- Role, Gendered --- Role, Sex --- Roles, Gender --- Roles, Gendered --- Roles, Sex --- Sex roles

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"In 1968, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) implemented sex testing for female athletes at that year's Games. When it became clear that testing regimes failed to delineate a sex divide, the IOC began to test for gender --a shift that allowed the organization to control the very idea of womanhood. Lindsay Parks Pieper explores sex testing in sport from the 1930s to the early 2000s. Focusing on assumptions and goals as well as means, Pieper examines how the IOC in particular insisted on a misguided binary notion of gender that privileged Western norms. Testing evolved into a tool to identify--and eliminate--athletes the IOC deemed too strong, too fast, or too successful. Pieper shows how this system punished gifted women while hindering the development of women's athletics for decades. She also reveals how the flawed notions behind testing--ideas often sexist, racist, or ridiculous--degraded the very idea of female athleticism"-- "To assess the long-lasting significance of sex testing in sport, this book explores its history, from the 1930s to the early 2000s, with particular emphasis on the International Olympic Committee's mandated compulsory sex checks on all female competitors. In 1968 the Medical Commission implemented the first test of the modern Olympic Movement. The procedure intended to guarantee the authenticity of Olympic competitors and identify male masqueraders, as well as to scientifically confirm the separation of men and women in athletic competition. Although the Medical Commission never discovered a single male imposter, and the test illustrated the impossibility of determining the exact constitution of woman, the IOC maintained the policy for three decades. With both the impossibility of discovering a clear sex divide and the increased presence of female dopers, the IOC adjusted its semantic framework to encapsulate gender normativity. The conspicuous adjustment from sex to gender underscored the Medical Commission's changing anxieties. Rather than to catch men disguised as women, the test evolved into a measure to preclude female Olympians with biological advantages. In other words, the Medical Commission eventually viewed gender verification as a tool to eliminate competitors it deemed too strong, too fast or too successful for women's competition. Olympic womanhood--dependent on a belief in natural, dichotomous sex/gender difference--required female athletes to conform to conventional notions of white, Western femininity. Through these regulations, the IOC has continuously reaffirmed a binary notion of sex, privileged white gender norms and hampered female athleticism"--

SPORTS & RECREATION / Olympics. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Women's Studies. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Gender Studies. --- Sports --- Sex discrimination in sports. --- Women athletes --- Field sports --- Pastimes --- Recreations --- Recreation --- Athletics --- Games --- Outdoor life --- Physical education and training --- Sex differences. --- Physiology. --- IOC Medical Commission. --- International Olympic Committee. --- Sex discrimination in sports --- Athletes --- Athletic Performance --- Sex Characteristics --- Sexism --- Gender Identity --- Racism --- 612:796 --- 316.7:796 --- 796.032 --- 316.371 --- Covert Racism --- Racial Bias --- Racial Discrimination --- Racial Prejudice --- Bias, Racial --- Covert Racisms --- Discrimination, Racial --- Discriminations, Racial --- Prejudice, Racial --- Prejudices, Racial --- Racial Discriminations --- Racial Prejudices --- Racism, Covert --- Racisms, Covert --- Apartheid --- Gender --- Gender Identities --- Identity, Gender --- Transgender Persons --- Sex Discrimination --- Gender Bias --- Gender Discrimination --- Sex Bias --- Sexual Discrimination --- Bias, Gender --- Bias, Sex --- Discrimination, Gender --- Discrimination, Sex --- Discrimination, Sexual --- Sexual Dimorphism --- Gender Characteristics --- Gender Differences --- Gender Dimorphism --- Sex Differences --- Sex Dimorphism --- Sexual Dichromatism --- Characteristic, Gender --- Characteristic, Sex --- Dichromatism, Sexual --- Dichromatisms, Sexual --- Difference, Sex --- Dimorphism, Gender --- Dimorphism, Sex --- Dimorphism, Sexual --- Gender Characteristic --- Gender Difference --- Gender Dimorphisms --- Sex Characteristic --- Sex Difference --- Sex Dimorphisms --- Sexual Dichromatisms --- Sexual Dimorphisms --- Sexual Selection --- Sex --- Sports Performance --- Athletic Performances --- Performance, Athletic --- Performance, Sports --- Performances, Athletic --- Performances, Sports --- Sports Performances --- Psychomotor Performance --- Elite Athletes --- Professional Athletes --- Athlete --- Athlete, Elite --- Athlete, Professional --- Athletes, Elite --- Athletes, Professional --- Elite Athlete --- Professional Athlete --- 612:796 Fysiologie van de sport --- Fysiologie van de sport --- 316.371 Gender --- 796.032 Olympische gedachte. Olympische beweging --- Olympische gedachte. Olympische beweging --- 316.7:796 Sociologie van de sport --- Sociologie van de sport --- Physiology --- Sex differences --- Everyday Racism --- Racism, Everyday --- Gender identity. --- Sex identity (Gender identity) --- Sexual identity (Gender identity) --- Identity (Psychology) --- Sex (Psychology) --- Queer theory --- Antiracism --- Gender Issues --- Gender dysphoria