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During the Middle Ages and early modern times tables were a most successful and economical way to present mathematical procedures and astronomical models and to facilitate computations. Before the sixteenth century astronomical models introduced by Ptolemy in Antiquity were rarely challenged, and innovation consisted in elaborating new methods for calculating planetary positions and other celestial phenomena. Essays on Medieval Computational Astronomy includes twelve articles that focus on astronomical tables, offering many examples where the meaning and purpose of such tables has been determined by careful analysis. In evaluating the work of medieval scholars we are mindful of the importance of applying criteria consistent with their own time, which may be different from those appropriate for other periods.
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Michael Maestlin (1550-1631), professor of mathematics at the University of Tübingen, was a leading protagonist of the astronomical and cosmological revolution that began with Copernicus. Famous for first introducing Copernicanism to Kepler, Maestlin also wrote important treatises on the supernova of 1572 and the comet of 1577 that mark significant steps in the elimination of celestial immutability and the reinforcement of the Copernican worldview. This first critical edition of Maestlin's German manuscript treatise on the comet of 1618 is accompanied by an English translation and a thorough commentary. An extensive introduction situates Maestlin's treatise in the broader context of the contemporary politico-religious conflict and cosmological discussion newly expanded to the debate on sunspots discovered with the telescope.
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An account of astrology from its beginnings in Mesopotamia, focusing on the Greco-Roman world, Ancient Astrology examines the theoretical development and changing social and political role of astrology.
Astrology --- Astronomy, Medieval. --- Medieval astronomy --- History.
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In On Both Sides of the Strait of Gibraltar, Julio Samsó studies the history of medieval astronomy in al-Andalus (Muslim Spain), the Maghrib and the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. He proves that the Arabic, Latin, Hebrew, Castilian and Catalan sources belong to the same tradition whose origin can be dated in the 11th century due to the changes in Ptolemy's astronomical theory introduced by the Toledan astronomer Ibn al-Zarqālluh/Azarquiel. The book also analyses the role of al-Andalus and the Iberian Peninsula in the transmission of Islamic astronomy to Europe and justifies the fact that Eastern Islamic works published after ca. 950 CE were not accessible to medieval European scholars because they had not reached al-Andalus.
Astronomy, Medieval --- Astronomy --- Astronomy, Medieval. --- History. --- Medieval astronomy --- Astronomie médiévale
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Seeing with Different Eyes: Essays in Astrology and Divination represents the cutting-edge of contemporary thought and research on divination. The thirteen authors come from a variety of academic disciplines, ranging from anthropology and classics to English literature and religious studies, and all address the question of divination, astrology and oracles in a spirit of critical but sympathetic inquiry. The emphasis is on a participatory and reflexive approach which is firmly post-positivi...
Divination --- Astrology --- Horoscopy --- Astronomy, Medieval --- Occultism --- Augury --- Soothsaying --- Worship
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Zodiac. --- Astrology. --- Astrology --- Horoscopy --- Astronomy, Medieval --- Occultism --- Astronomy --- History.
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Christoph Rothmann wrote a treatise on the comet of 1585 shortly after it disappeared. Though it was not printed until 1619, Rothman sent a copy of his treatise in 1586 to Tycho Brahe, decisively influencing the latter's rejection of solid celestial spheres two years later. In his treatise, Rothmann joined the elimination of the solid celestial spheres to his concept of air as the substance filling the cosmos. He based his argument on the absence of refraction and the celestial location of the comet. The treatise also contained clear statements reflecting Rothmann’s adoption of Copernicanism. This first critical edition of the treatise is accompanied by an English translation and a thorough commentary. Some appendices with archival documents illustrate the genesis of Rothmann’s treatise.
Comets --- Astronomy, Medieval --- Cosmology, Medieval --- Astronomy --- Near-Earth objects --- Medieval cosmology --- Medieval astronomy
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This work traces the first faltering steps taken in the mathematical theorization of infinity which marks the emergence of modern mathematics. It analyses the part played by Indian mathematics through the Kerala conduit, which is an important but neglected part of the history of mathematics.
Mathematics --- Mathematics, Medieval. --- Astronomy, Medieval --- Medieval astronomy --- Medieval mathematics --- Math --- Science --- History.
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A Survey of European Astronomical Tables in the Late Middle Ages is a first attempt to classify and illustrate the numerous astronomical tables compiled from about the 10th century to the early 16th century in the Latin West. The compilation of astronomical tables was a major and dynamic intellectual enterprise. These tables respond to a wide variety of astronomical problems and computational needs, and contain a large number of ingenious solutions proposed by astronomers over the centuries. In the absence of algebraic notation and mathematical graphing techniques, a table was often the best way to transmit precise information to the reader. Indeed, an astronomical table is not a just a list of data, but a structured way to present numerical information of astronomical interest. '...the whole book which is an excellent guide for all those who are interested in the history of medieval European astronomy and, especially, in medieval astronomical tables.' Julio Samsó, University of Barcelona
Astronomy --- anno 500-1499 --- Europe --- Astronomy, Medieval --- Ephemerides --- Medieval astronomy --- Nautical almanacs --- History
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"Focusing on the Handbook of 809, explores how the liberal arts, and in particular astronomy, experienced a revival in the ninth-century court of Charlemagne. Documents the utility of the constellations for prelates who needed to fix the floating feast of Easter and reckon time"--Provided by publisher.
Astronomy in art. --- Astronomy, Medieval. --- Illumination of books and manuscripts, Carolingian. --- Illumination of books and manuscripts, Medieval --- Biblioteca Nacional (Spain) --- Biblioteca Nacional (Spain). --- Illumination of books and manuscripts, Carolingian --- Astronomy, Medieval --- Astronomy in art --- Illustrations.
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