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Pathology, Cellular --- Cytodiagnosis --- Cytodiagnosis. --- Pathology, Cellular. --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Tissues --- pathology. --- Cellular pathology --- Cytopathology --- Cytologic diagnosis --- Diagnosis, Cytologic --- Diagnostic cytopathology --- Cytodiagnoses --- Pathology --- Diagnosis, Laboratory --- Cytological Techniques
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This is a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of mental retardation caused by genes on the X chromosome. Clinical and laboratory data on 130 syndromes are presented in a concise and consistent manner. Each syndrome is defined and information is provided on somatic features, growth and development, neurological signs, cognitive performance, imaging and other laboratory findings, and when possible, the nature and localization of the responsible gene. Craniofacial and other somatic findings are extensively illustrated. A differential matrix accompanies each syndrome description to assist the reader in identifying other X-linked syndromes with overlapping features. As background, the X chromosome and the emergence of the concept of X-linked mental retardation are discussed.; X-chromosome maps show the location and mapping limits of the responsible genes. The authors have extensive experience in the clinical and laboratory delineation of X-linked mental retardation. They have described new syndromes, regionally mapped disease loci on the X chromosome, and in several cases isolated the genes responsible for X-linked syndromes.
X-linked mental retardation --- Sex Chromosome Disorders --- X Chromosome --- Genetic Diseases, Inborn --- Sex Chromosomes --- Chromosome Disorders --- Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities --- Chromosomes --- Diseases --- Congenital Abnormalities --- Cellular Structures --- Genetic Structures --- Genetic Phenomena --- Cells --- Anatomy --- X-linked Intellectual disability
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The Golgi apparatus is more than 110 years in the center of interest and scientific debates. This book summarizes the data obtained after development of methods of Golgi complex sub fractionation, molecular biology and microscopy collecting a range of expertise, different points of view and different approaches.
Life Sciences. --- Cell Biology. --- Life sciences. --- Cytology. --- Sciences de la vie --- Cytologie --- Golgi Apparatus. --- Golgi-complex. --- Plant molecular biology. --- Golgi apparatus --- Organelles --- Cytoplasmic Structures --- Cytoplasm --- Intracellular Space --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Anatomy --- Golgi Apparatus --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Cytology --- Golgi apparatus. --- Golgi bodies --- Golgi elements --- Golgi material --- Cell biology. --- Cell organelles --- Protoplasm --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cytologists
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Focusing on intracellular components in prokaryotes, this volume defines the components and labelled inclusions as discrete bodies resulting from synthesis of a metabolic product. It provides historical background and comprehensive reviews of eight well-known prokaryotic inclusions.
Prokaryotes --- Physiology. --- Bacteria. --- Inclusion Bodies. --- Prokaryotes -- Physiology. --- Prokaryotic Cells -- physiology. --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Inclusion Bodies --- Bacteria --- Prokaryotic Cells --- Cellular Structures --- Organisms --- Cells --- Anatomy --- Physiology --- Microorganisms --- Microbial physiology --- Prokaryote physiology --- Life sciences. --- Biochemistry. --- Microbiology. --- Bacteriology. --- Life Sciences. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Microbiology --- Microbial biology --- Composition
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A major issue of modern neurobiology is to understand how neurons extend their neurites to form a functional network. While a large amount of information is available on the extracellular mechanisms driving neuritogenesis, the study of the intricate molecular machinery underlying the intracellular mechanisms has only recently been addressed. The purpose of this book is to present novel, distinct, but highly related aspects of the intracellular mechanisms required for the formation of a functional neurite, which include cytoskeletal organization, membrane traffic, and signal transduction. In particular, the proposed authors would address the importance of the integration among distinct aspects of the cell biology of developing neurons involved in neurite extension. The aim of the book is to present this topic to the general readership of neurobiologists and molecular and cellular biologists to further stimulate the interest into this exciting section of neurobiology. Moreover, the book could represent a reference for researchers directly involved in the study of neuronal development, and a textbook for PhD courses in molecular neurobiology The authors contributing to this book are all internationally recognized leaders in their respective fields of research, and the work from their laboratories embodies state of the art approaches to address this fundamental aspect of molecular neurobiology.
Axons. --- Dendrites. --- Molecular neurobiology. --- Nerve Growth Factors. --- Neurons. --- Neurons --- Axons --- Dendrites --- Molecular neurobiology --- Cell Surface Extensions --- Nerve Fibers --- Cells --- Nervous System --- Cellular Structures --- Anatomy --- Growth Cones --- Neurites --- Medicine --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neuroscience --- Neurology --- Growth --- Growth. --- Molecular neurology --- Nervous system --- Nerve axons --- Molecular aspects --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Biomedicine. --- Molecular biology --- Neurobiology --- Neurotrophic functions --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Medical sciences
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For any neuronal cell type, axons are unique neuronal output elements that display very heterogeneous patterns with respect to shape, length, and target structure. New Aspects of Axonal Structure and Function summarizes recent findings covering morphological, physiological, developmental, computational, and pathophysiological aspects of axons. The book covers new findings concerning axonal structure and functions together with their implications for signal transduction in the nervous system. The book also describes the processes implicated in the formation of axonal arbors and the transport of subcellular elements to their targets. Finally, New Aspects of Axonal Structure and Function also shows how a dysfunction in one or several of these steps could lead to axonal degeneration and ultimately to neurodegenerative diseases. New Aspects of Axonal Structure and Function can be used as a reference for neuroscientists, neurophysiologists, neuroanatomists, computational neuroscientists, cellular neuroscientists, as well as Ph.D. students in various neuroscience programs. About the Editors: Dirk Feldmeyer was born in Dortmund, Germany and studied Biology and German literature and linguistics at the Ruhr-University in Bochum where he received his Ph.D. in 1987. In 2001, he obtained a postdoctoral fellowship in the Dept. of Pharmacology, University College London. He joined the Dept. of Cell Physiology, at the Max Planck Institute of Medical Research in 1995 and in 2004 became independent group leader at the Institute of Medicine, Research Centre Jülich. In 2008 he was appointed to a professorship on "Function of Cortical Microcircuits" in the Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Germany. His research interests are neuronal microcircuits in the neocortex, their development and modulation. Joachim H.R. Lübke was born on November 4, 1956 in Gelsenkirchen and trained as a biological-technical assistant. He studied biology at the Georg-August University of Göttingen and did his Ph.D. at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (Head: Prof. Otto-Detlev Creutzfeld). From 1991-1993 he was a postdoctoral fellow of the Royal Society at the Dept. of Human Anatomy (Head: Prof. Ray Guillery) of the University of Oxford. From there he moved as a "von Helmholtz" fellow of the German ministry of Education and Research to the Institute of Anatomy at the Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg (Head: Prof. Michael Frotscher). In 1997 he received the Wolfgang-Bargmann prize of the German Anatomical Society. He did his "habilitation" in anatomy and neuroanatomy in 1999 and was appointed assistant professor at the Department of Anatomy of the University of Freiburg in 2000. In 2003 he was appointed to group leader position at the Institute of Medicine, Research Centre Jülich. He was appointed professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf. In 2008 he was also appointed to a Professorship on "Structure of Cortical Functional Units" at the Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
Axons. --- Axons --- Cell Surface Extensions --- Nerve Fibers --- Neurons --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Cells --- Cellular Structures --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Nervous System --- Anatomy --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Physiology --- Zoology --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neurology --- Neuroscience --- Animal Anatomy & Embryology --- Neurons. --- Nerve cells --- Neurocytes --- Nerve axons --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Neurobiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Nervous system --- Neurosciences --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Medical sciences
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Parasitic protozoa, including some which are agents of human and veterinary diseases, display special cytoplasmic structures and organelles. Metabolic pathways have been discovered in these organelles which open up new possibilities for drug targets. This work presents reviews dealing with cytoskeletal structures such as the mastigont system found in trichomonads, the sub-pellicular microtubules in trypanosomatids and the paraflagellar rod. Further chapters cover structures involved in the synthesis, secretion and uptake of molecules, including the flagellar pocket of trypanosomatids, the reservosome of Trypanosoma and the megasome found in Leishmania, the traffic of vesicles in Entamoeba histolytica, secretory organelles and the secretory events of intestinal parasites during encystation. Reviews on special organelles, such as the kinetoplast-mitochondrion complex, the apicoplast found in Apicomplexa, the glycosomes in Kinetoplastida and the acidocalcisomes found in several protozoa complete the volume.
Cell organelles. --- Protista. --- Protozoa, Pathogenic --- Protista --- Protozoa --- Cytology --- Cytoskeleton --- Parasites --- Cell organelles --- Proteins --- Cytoplasmic Structures --- Organisms --- Cytoplasm --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Protozoan Proteins --- Organelles --- Eukaryota --- Intracellular Space --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Anatomy --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Protozoa, Pathogenic. --- Protists --- Pathogenic protozoa --- Life sciences. --- Microbiology. --- Life Sciences. --- Unicellular organisms --- Eukaryotic cells --- Pathogenic microorganisms --- Medical protozoology --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms
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Cells are complex objects, representing a multitude of structures and processes. In order to understand the organization, interaction and hierarchy of these structures and processes, a quantitative understanding is absolutely critical. Traditionally, statistical mechanics-based treatment of biological systems has focused on the molecular level, with larger systems being ignored. This book integrates understanding from the molecular to the cellular and multi-cellular level in a quantitative framework that will benefit a wide audience engaged in biological, biochemical, biophysical and clinical research. It will build new bridges of quantitative understanding that link fundamental physical principles governing cellular structure and function with implications in clinical and biomedical contexts.
Statistical mechanics. --- Cytology. --- Biomechanics. --- Cell Physiological Phenomena. --- Cellular Structures. --- Models, Biological. --- Biomechanical Phenomena. --- Biological mechanics --- Mechanical properties of biological structures --- Biophysics --- Mechanics --- Contractility (Biology) --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Quantum statistics --- Statistical physics --- Thermodynamics --- Mécanique statistique --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Biomechanical Phenomena --- Models, Biological --- Biomécanique --- Cytologie
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How deep we can see inside Nature's smallest secrets? Will it be possible some day in the near future to investigate living structures at atomic level? This area of study is very interdisciplinary, since it applies the principles and the techniques of biology, physics, chemistry, mathematics, and engineering to elucidate the structures of biological macromolecules, of supramolecular structures, organelles, and cells. This book offers updated information on how much information we are able to obtain in the exploration of the inner details of biological specimens in their native structure and composition. The book deals with the implementation of laser beam and stage scanning systems incorporating confocal optics or multiphoton microscopy; the advent of new electro-optical detectors with great sensitivity, linearity, and dynamic range; the possibility of 2D fast image enhancement, reconstruction, restoration, analysis and 3D display, and the application of luminescence techniques (FLIMT, FRET combined with the use of quantum dots), which gives the possibility to investigate the chemical and molecular spatio-temporal organization of life processes; Electron Microscopy and Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM), are also presented, which has opened completely new perspectives for analyzing the surface topography of biological matter in its aqueous environment at a resolution comparable to that achieved by EM.
Microscopy --- Microscopes --- Microscopie --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- Cellular structures --Congresses. --- Microscopes -- Congresses. --- Molecular structure -- Congresses. --- Molecular structure --- Diagnostic Imaging --- Optics and Photonics --- Chemical Phenomena --- Publication Formats --- Cells --- Investigative Techniques --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Physicochemical Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Physics --- Anatomy --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Publication Characteristics --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Diagnosis --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Molecular Structure --- Cellular Structures --- Congresses --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biology - General --- Light microscopes --- Microscope and microscopy --- Optical microscopes --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Life sciences. --- Cell biology. --- Bioinformatics. --- Computational biology. --- Microscopy. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Life Sciences. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Cell Biology. --- Computer Appl. in Life Sciences. --- Biological Microscopy. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Optical instruments --- Optics --- Cytology. --- Data processing. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cytologists --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Bioinformatics . --- Computational biology . --- Measurement . --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Bioinformatics --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Data processing
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Although best known for its role in heart disease, the sarcomere--the fundamental unit of muscle contraction--is also involved in skeletal muscle diseases. Chapters in The Sarcomere and Skeletal Muscle Disease provide an up-to-date review of diseases caused by mutated proteins in the different sub-compartments of the sarcomere, document the techniques currently being used to investigate the pathobiological bases of the diseases, which remain largely unknown, and discuss possible therapeutic options.
Biomedicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Human Physiology. --- Medicine. --- Human physiology. --- Médecine --- Physiologie humaine --- Muscles -- Diseases. --- Muscles --- Muscular Diseases --- Sarcomeres --- Muscle, Skeletal --- Myofibrils --- Organelles --- Neuromuscular Diseases --- Musculoskeletal Diseases --- Muscle, Striated --- Musculoskeletal System --- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal --- Diseases --- Cytoplasmic Structures --- Myocytes, Cardiac --- Nervous System Diseases --- Anatomy --- Muscle Cells --- Cytoplasm --- Tissues --- Cells --- Intracellular Space --- Cellular Structures --- Musculoskeletal System Diseases --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Diseases. --- Myopathy --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Physiology --- Human body --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Biomedicine, general. --- Health Workforce
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