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This book investigates the latest modeling and control technologies in the context of air-conditioning systems. Firstly, it introduces the state-space method for developing dynamic models of all components in a central air-conditioning system. The models are primarily nonlinear and based on the fundamental principle of energy and mass conservation, and are transformed into state-space form through linearization. The book goes on to describe and discuss the state-space models with the help of graph theory and the structure-matrix theory. Subsequently, virtual sensor calibration and virtual sensing methods (which are very useful for real system control) are illustrated together with a case study. Model-based predictive control and state-space feedback control are applied to air-conditioning systems to yield better local control, while the air-side synergic control scheme and a global optimization strategy based on the decomposition-coordination method are developed so as to achieve energy conservation in the central air-conditioning system. Lastly, control strategies for VAV systems including total air volume control and trim & response static pressure control are investigated in practice. .

Energy efficiency. --- Building construction. --- Mathematical models. --- Sustainable development. --- Energy Efficiency. --- Building Physics, HVAC. --- Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics. --- Sustainable Development.

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This handbook provides a comprehensive summary on the energy systems used in green buildings, with a particular focus on solar energy - the most common renewable energy source applied in this field. With the growing concern about environmental protections, the concepts of green building have been widely promoted and implemented in nowadays building designs and constructions. Among all, sustainable energy systems, including energy harvesting, conversion, and storage, is one of most important design factors in green buildings. Unlike traditional energy systems which highly rely on fossil fuel, green buildings utilize renewable energy source or high efficient energy systems, or both, to provide environmental friendly, low carbon waste energy. The most updated concepts, designs, technologies developed and implemented in heat pumps, cooling systems, power systems, and energy storage will be discussed here in details. This handbook is subdivided into 7-9 main sections to provide an in-depth discussion from foundational principles to practical techniques. In addition, different cases about green energy systems implemented in global will be discussed. The book will be structured easy-to-read, to make it more accessible to graduate students and professionals in diverse scientific and engineering communities, including applied physics, civil engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, material engineering, and chemical engineering.

Energy efficiency. --- Energy systems. --- Building construction. --- Renewable energy resources. --- Energy Efficiency. --- Energy Systems. --- Building Physics, HVAC. --- Renewable and Green Energy.

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This book sheds light on environmental control in buildings from the 17th century onwards. Even before building services became a hallmark of buildings, in order to address increasing sanitary and comfort needs, pioneering experiences had contributed to improve design skills of professionals. After long being determined by passive features, indoor climate became influenced by installations and plants, representing the most significant shift of paradigm in the modern age’s construction history. This change was not without consequences, and the book presents contributions showing the deep connection between architectural design, comfort requirements and environmental awareness throughout the 19th century. Taking into account the differences between different European countries, the book is a valuable resource for architects, designers and heritage professionals who are interested in environmental design, enabling them to develop a deeper knowledge of heritage in order to address to climate demands, particularly going towards a future in which energy savings and fuel consumption reduction will dictate our behaviour. It includes contributions by leading international experts: Melanie Bauernfeind, Marco Cofani, Lino Vittorio Bozzetto, Emmanuelle Gallo, Alberto Grimoldi, Dean Hawkes, Angelo Giuseppe Landi, Mattias Legnér, Oriel Prizeman, and Henrik Schoenefeldt.

Buildings --- Environmental engineering --- History. --- Edifices --- Halls --- Structures --- Architecture --- Technology-History. --- Building Physics, HVAC. --- History of Technology. --- Energy Efficiency. --- Building construction. --- Technology—History. --- Energy efficiency. --- Consumption of energy --- Energy efficiency --- Fuel consumption --- Fuel efficiency --- Power resources --- Energy conservation

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This book discusses the effect of different school building rehabilitation strategies on the classrooms’ indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and presents a multi-objective methodology for school building enclosure optimization combining artificial neural networks and lifecycle costs. The special features of this book are that it (a) presents the state-of-the-art in school building rehabilitation, (b) covers the IEQ assessment of several school buildings, including non-rehabilitated and rehabilitated according to different strategies; and (c) proposes a multi-objective optimization procedure. The rehabilitation of a school building should be regarded as a procedure combining a number of (sometimes conflicting) variables and objectives, including energy, IEQ and costs (initial, operational and maintenance), in the search for an “optimum solution.” The main benefit of the book is that it discusses the main topics related to school building rehabilitation, presents results of the IEQ assessment on 9 school buildings and launches a discussion on how the “in-use” performance of schools is key to understanding how designed performance is actually experienced. It maps the most commonly used multi-objective algorithms and artificial neural network architectures and proposes a methodology for combining these numerical tools with dynamic building simulations and lifecycle cost analysis to optimize school building enclosures. This methodology will be of value to scientists and engineers alike, while also addressing a variety of related disciplines, such as civil and mechanical engineering, architecture and mathematics.

Energy efficiency. --- Building repair. --- Buildings—Repair and reconstruction. --- Interior architecture. --- Interiors. --- Energy Efficiency. --- Building Repair and Maintenance. --- Interior Architecture and Design.

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This book presents a case study on a new approach for the optimum design of rooftop, grid-connected photovoltaic-system installation. The study includes two scenarios using different brands of commercially available PV modules and inverters. It investigates and compares several different rooftop grid-connected PV-system configurations taking into account PV modules and inverter specifications. The book also discusses the detailed dynamic MATLAB/Simulink model of the proposed rooftop grid-connected PV system, and uses this model to estimate the energy production capabilities, cost of energy (COE), simple payback time (SPBT) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for each configuration. The book then presents a comprehensive small signal MATLAB/Simulink model for the DC-DC converter operated under continuous conduction mode (CCM). First, the buck converter is modeled using state-space average model and dynamic equations, depicting the converter, are derived. Then a detailed MATLAB/Simulink model utilizing SimElectronics® Toolbox is developed. Lastly, the robustness of the converter model is verified against input voltage variations and step load changes.

Energy efficiency. --- Power electronics. --- Electronic circuits. --- Energy systems. --- Energy Efficiency. --- Power Electronics, Electrical Machines and Networks. --- Circuits and Systems. --- Energy Systems.