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Fractal geometry is a uniquely fascinating area of mathematics, exhibited in a range of shapes that exist in the natural world, from a simple broccoli floret to a majestic mountain range. In this essential primer, mathematician Michael Frame-a close collaborator with Benoit Mandelbrot, the founder of fractal geometry-and poet Amelia Urry explore the amazing world of fractals as they appear in nature, art, medicine, and technology. Frame and Urry offer new insights into such familiar topics as measuring fractal complexity by dimension and the life and work of Mandelbrot. In addition, they delve into less-known areas: fractals with memory, the Mandelbrot set in four dimensions, fractals in literature, and more. An inviting introduction to an enthralling subject, this comprehensive volume is ideal for learning and teaching.

Fractals. --- Fractal geometry --- Fractal sets --- Geometry, Fractal --- Sets, Fractal --- Sets of fractional dimension --- Dimension theory (Topology)

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Fractals. --- Fractal geometry --- Fractal sets --- Geometry, Fractal --- Sets, Fractal --- Sets of fractional dimension --- Dimension theory (Topology)

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Fractals --- Fractals. --- Fractal geometry --- Fractal sets --- Geometry, Fractal --- Sets, Fractal --- Sets of fractional dimension --- Dimension theory (Topology)

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In Fractal Architecture, architect James Harris presents a definitive, lavishly illustrated guide that explains both the "how" and "why" of incorporating fractal geometry into architectural design.

Geometry in architecture. --- Fractals. --- Fractal geometry --- Fractal sets --- Geometry, Fractal --- Sets, Fractal --- Sets of fractional dimension --- Dimension theory (Topology) --- Architecture --- Composition, proportion, etc.

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The first instance of pre-computer fractals was noted by the French mathematician Gaston Julia. He wondered what a complex polynomial function would look like, such as the ones named after him (in the form of z2 + c, where c is a complex constant with real and imaginary parts). The idea behind this formula is that one takes the x and y coordinates of a point z, and plug them into z in the form of x + i*y, where i is the square root of -1, square this number, and then add c, a constant. Then plug the resulting pair of real and imaginary numbers back into z, run the operation again, and keep doing that until the result is greater than some number. The number of times you have to run the equations to get out of an 'orbit' not specified here can be assigned a colour and then the pixel (x,y) gets turned that colour, unless those coordinates can't get out of their orbit, in which case they are made black. Later it was Benoit Mandelbrot who used computers to produce fractals. A basic property of fractals is that they contain a large degree of self similarity, i.e., they usually contain little copies within the original, and these copies also have infinite detail. That means the more you zoom in on a fractal, the more detail you get, and this keeps going on forever and ever. The well-written book 'Getting acquainted with fractals' by Gilbert Helmberg provides a mathematically oriented introduction to fractals, with a focus upon three types of fractals: fractals of curves, attractors for iterative function systems in the plane, and Julia sets. The presentation is on an undergraduate level, with an ample presentation of the corresponding mathematical background, e.g., linear algebra, calculus, algebra, geometry, topology, measure theory and complex analysis. The book contains over 170 color illustrations.

Fractals. --- Geometry. --- Mathematics --- Euclid's Elements --- Fractal geometry --- Fractal sets --- Geometry, Fractal --- Sets, Fractal --- Sets of fractional dimension --- Dimension theory (Topology) --- measure theory.