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In old Russia, patron/client relations, "clan" politics, and a variety of other informal practices spanned the centuries. Government was understood to be patrimonial and personal rather than legal, and office holding was far less important than proximity to patrons. Working from heretofore unused documents from the Communist archives, J. Arch Getty shows how these political practices and traditions from old Russia have persisted throughout the twentieth-century Soviet Union and down to the present day. Getty examines a number of case studies of political practices in the Stalin era and after. These include cults of personality, the transformation of Old Bolsheviks into noble grandees, the Communist Party's personnel selection system, and the rise of political clans ("family circles") after the 1917 Revolutions. Stalin's conflicts with these clans, and his eventual destruction of them, were key elements of the Great Purges of the 1930's. But although Stalin could destroy the competing clans, he could not destroy the historically embedded patron-client relationship, as a final chapter on political practice under Putin shows.

Politics, Practical --- Electoral politics --- Mass political behavior --- Political behavior --- Politics --- Practical politics --- Political science --- Political participation --- Social aspects --- Kommunisticheskai͡a partii͡a Sovetskogo Soi͡uza --- Kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ RSFSR --- Vsesoi︠u︡znai︠a︡ kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ (bolʹshevikov) (1925-1952) --- Vsesoi︠u︡znai︠a︡ kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ (bolʹshevikov) (1991- ) --- Communist Party of the Soviet Union --- Communist Party of USSR --- CPSU --- Đảng cộng sản Liên xô --- Kamunistychnai︠a︡ partyi︠a︡ Savetskaha Sai︠u︡za --- KKSE --- Kommounistikon Komma tēs Sobietikēs Henōseōs --- Kommunistische Partei der Sowjet Union --- Komunistička partija Sovjetskog Saveza --- Komunistická strana Sovětského svazu --- Komunistychna partii︠a︡ Radi︠a︡nsʹkoho Soi︠u︡zu --- Komunistyczna Partia Związku Radzieckiego --- KPdSU --- KPR --- KPRS --- KPSS --- KPZR --- KSSS --- KSSZ --- Miflagah ha-ḳomunisṭit shel Berit-ha-Moʻatsot --- Neuvostoliiton kommunistinen puolue --- NKP --- NLKP --- Nõukogude Liidu Kommunistlik Partei --- Partai Komunis Uni Sovjet --- Parti communiste de l'Union soviétique --- Partido Comunista de la Unión Soviética --- Partido Comunista Ruso --- Partito comunista Unione sovietica --- PCUS --- Phō̜kō̜sō̜sō̜ --- PKUS --- Rokoku Kyōsantō --- Roshia Kyōsantō --- Rosia Kongsandang --- Sabčotʻa Kavširis Komunisturi Partia --- SKKP --- SMKK --- SMKP --- Sobieto Kyōsantō --- Soren Kyōsantō --- Sorenpō Kyōsantō --- Sov. IKP --- Sovet Ittifagy Kommunist Partii̐asy --- Sovetakan Miutʻian Komunistakan Kusaktsʻutʻyun --- Sovetakan Miutʻian Komunistakan Partia --- Soviet Communist Party --- Soviet Union. --- Sōviyata Saṅghakī Kamyunisṭa Pārṭī --- Sovjetunionens kommunistiska parti --- Sovyetler Birliği Komünist Partisi --- Su-lien kung chʻan tang --- SUKP --- SZKP --- Szovjetunió Kommunista Pártja --- U̇mum Ittifag Kommunist Partii︠a︡sy --- Zenrenpō Kyōsantō --- ZKhUKN --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Ulsyn Kommunist Nam --- Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза --- אלקפ (ב) --- מפלגה הקומוניסטית של ברית־המועצות --- 蘇聯共產黨 --- Party work. --- Soviet Union --- Politics and government

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Symbols and Legitimacy in Soviet Politics analyses the way in which Soviet symbolism and ritual changed from the regime's birth in 1917 to its fall in 1991. Graeme Gill focuses on the symbolism in party policy and leaders' speeches, artwork and political posters, and urban redevelopment, and on ritual in the political system. He shows how this symbolism and ritual were worked into a dominant metanarrative which underpinned Soviet political development. Gill also shows how, in each of these spheres, the images changed both over the life of the regime and during particular stages: the Leninist era metanarrative differed from that of the Stalin period, which differed from that of the Khrushchev and Brezhnev periods, which was, in turn, changed significantly under Gorbachev. In charting this development, the book lays bare the dynamics of the Soviet regime and a major reason for its fall.

History of civilization --- History of Eastern Europe --- anno 1900-1999 --- Legitimacy of governments --- Narration (Rhetoric) --- Political culture --- Political customs and rites --- Popular culture --- Social change --- Symbolism in politics --- History. --- Political aspects --- Kommunističeskaja partija Sovetskogo Sojuza --- Soviet Union --- Politics and government. --- Civilization. --- Culture, Popular --- Mass culture --- Pop culture --- Popular arts --- Communication --- Intellectual life --- Mass society --- Recreation --- Culture --- Political science --- Governments, Legitimacy of --- Legitimacy (Constitutional law) --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Revolutions --- Sovereignty --- State, The --- General will --- Political stability --- Regime change --- Narrative (Rhetoric) --- Narrative writing --- Rhetoric --- Discourse analysis, Narrative --- Narratees (Rhetoric) --- Customs and rites, Political --- Political rituals --- Rituals, Political --- Manners and customs --- Political anthropology --- Rites and ceremonies --- Change, Social --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Social history --- Social evolution --- Symbolic politics --- Kommunisticheskaia partiia Sovetskogo Soiuza --- Soi︠u︡z kommunisticheskikh partiĭ--KPSS --- Kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ RSFSR --- Vsesoi︠u︡znai︠a︡ kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ (bolʹshevikov) --- Communist Party of the Soviet Union --- Communist Party of USSR --- CPSU --- Đảng cộng sản Liên xô --- Kamunistychnai︠a︡ partyi︠a︡ Savetskaha Sai︠u︡za --- KKSE --- Kommounistikon Komma tēs Sobietikēs Henōseōs --- Kommunistische Partei der Sowjet Union --- Komunistička partija Sovjetskog Saveza --- Komunistická strana Sovětského svazu --- Komunistychna partii︠a︡ Radi︠a︡nsʹkoho Soi︠u︡zu --- Komunistyczna Partia Związku Radzieckiego --- KPdSU --- KPR --- KPRS --- KPSS --- KPZR --- KSSS --- KSSZ --- Miflagah ha-ḳomunisṭit shel Berit-ha-Moʻatsot --- Neuvostoliiton kommunistinen puolue --- NKP --- NLKP --- Nõukogude Liidu Kommunistlik Partei --- Partai Komunis Uni Sovjet --- Parti communiste de l'Union soviétique --- Partido Comunista de la Unión Soviética --- Partido Comunista Ruso --- Partito comunista Unione sovietica --- PCUS --- Phō̜kō̜sō̜sō̜ --- PKUS --- Rokoku Kyōsantō --- Roshia Kyōsantō --- Rosia Kongsandang --- Sabčotʻa Kavširis Komunisturi Partia --- SKKP --- SMKK --- SMKP --- Sobieto Kyōsantō --- Soren Kyōsantō --- Sorenpō Kyōsantō --- Sov. IKP --- Sovet Ittifagy Kommunist Partii̐asy --- Sovetakan Miutʻian Komunistakan Kusaktsʻutʻyun --- Sovetakan Miutʻian Komunistakan Partia --- Soviet Communist Party --- Soviet Union. --- Sōviyata Saṅghakī Kamyunisṭa Pārṭī --- Sovjetunionens kommunistiska parti --- Sovyetler Birliği Komünist Partisi --- Su-lien kung chʻan tang --- SUKP --- SZKP --- Szovjetunió Kommunista Pártja --- U̇mum Ittifag Kommunist Partii︠a︡sy --- Zenrenpō Kyōsantō --- ZKhUKN --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Ulsyn Kommunist Nam --- Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза --- אלקפ (ב) --- מפלגה הקומוניסטית של ברית־המועצות --- 蘇聯共產黨 --- History --- Political aspects&delete& --- Kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ Sovetskogo Soi︠u︡za --- Vsesoi︠u︡znai︠a︡ kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ (bolʹshevikov) (1925-1952) --- Vsesoi︠u︡znai︠a︡ kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ (bolʹshevikov) (1991- ) --- Politics and government --- Kommunisticheskai͡a partii͡a Sovetskogo Soi͡uza --- Social Sciences --- Political Science

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The vast and complex tragedy of Stalin's purges, culminating in the Great Terror, made victims of millions of Russians between 1932 and 1939. This gripping book assembles and translates into English for the first time an astonishing array of formerly top secret Soviet documents from that period. Exposing to daylight the hidden inner workings of the Communist Party and the dark inhumanity of the purge process, these documents immeasurably deepen our understanding of an agonizing episode of Soviet history.From dossiers on the liquidated Soviet elite to police reports of peasant unrest to private letters from victims and purgers to secret transcripts of Central Committee meetings, the nearly two hundred documents presented here confirm Stalin's role as executor of the terror. Yet the top party elite, or nomenklatura, were also key to the unfolding of a terror that proceeded with fits and starts, moves and countermoves, and steps toward and away from the abyss. From 1932 to early 1937 Stalin and the nomenklatura agreed on the need to destroy all dissidents, to stage show trials, to carry out mass arrests, purges, and shootings, and to prevent any resistance to these "cleansings." Eventually deep insecurities that magnified any opposition and iron discipline within the party led the nomenklatura to support Stalin in purging their own colleagues, and in 1937 and 1938 they serially voted one another into prison.

Political purges --- Terrorism --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Lustration (Political purges) --- Political parties --- Political party purges --- Purges, Political --- History --- Purges --- Stalin, Joseph, --- Djougatchvili, Iossif Vissarionovitch, --- Джугашвили, Иосиф Виссарионович, --- Dzhugashvili, Iosif Vissarionovich, --- Koba, --- Shih-tʻai-lin, --- Sidalin, --- Ssu-ta-lin, --- Stalin, Giuseppe, --- Сталин, И. В. --- Stalin, I. V. --- Сталин, Иосиф, --- Stalin, Iosif, --- Сталин, К., --- Stalin, K., --- Staline, --- Staline, Joseph, --- Staljin, J. V., --- Sutārin, --- Soselo, --- Stalini, Ioseb Besarionis że, --- Sṭalin, Y. Ṿ., --- Sṭalin, Y., --- Stalin, Josef, --- Stalin, Josef Vissarionovich, --- סטאלין, יאסיף, --- סטאלין, י. --- סטאלין, י. וו --- סטאלין, י. װ. --- סטאלין, י., --- סטלין, יוסיף ויסאריונוביץ׳, --- סטלין, יוסף --- 斯大林, --- Stalin, Jossif Vissarionovitš, --- Sztálin, Joszif, --- Istālīn, Yūsīf Vīsāryūnūvīch, --- استالين، يوسيف ويساريونووتج, --- Kommunisticheskai͡a partii͡a Sovetskogo Soi͡uza --- Kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ RSFSR --- Vsesoi︠u︡znai︠a︡ kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ (bolʹshevikov) (1925-1952) --- Vsesoi︠u︡znai︠a︡ kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ (bolʹshevikov) (1991- ) --- Communist Party of the Soviet Union --- Communist Party of USSR --- CPSU --- Đảng cộng sản Liên xô --- Kamunistychnai︠a︡ partyi︠a︡ Savetskaha Sai︠u︡za --- KKSE --- Kommounistikon Komma tēs Sobietikēs Henōseōs --- Kommunistische Partei der Sowjet Union --- Komunistička partija Sovjetskog Saveza --- Komunistická strana Sovětského svazu --- Komunistychna partii︠a︡ Radi︠a︡nsʹkoho Soi︠u︡zu --- Komunistyczna Partia Związku Radzieckiego --- KPdSU --- KPR --- KPRS --- KPSS --- KPZR --- KSSS --- KSSZ --- Miflagah ha-ḳomunisṭit shel Berit-ha-Moʻatsot --- Neuvostoliiton kommunistinen puolue --- NKP --- NLKP --- Nõukogude Liidu Kommunistlik Partei --- Partai Komunis Uni Sovjet --- Parti communiste de l'Union soviétique --- Partido Comunista de la Unión Soviética --- Partido Comunista Ruso --- Partito comunista Unione sovietica --- PCUS --- Phō̜kō̜sō̜sō̜ --- PKUS --- Rokoku Kyōsantō --- Roshia Kyōsantō --- Rosia Kongsandang --- Sabčotʻa Kavširis Komunisturi Partia --- SKKP --- SMKK --- SMKP --- Sobieto Kyōsantō --- Soren Kyōsantō --- Sorenpō Kyōsantō --- Sov. IKP --- Sovet Ittifagy Kommunist Partii̐asy --- Sovetakan Miutʻian Komunistakan Kusaktsʻutʻyun --- Sovetakan Miutʻian Komunistakan Partia --- Soviet Communist Party --- Soviet Union. --- Sōviyata Saṅghakī Kamyunisṭa Pārṭī --- Sovjetunionens kommunistiska parti --- Sovyetler Birliği Komünist Partisi --- Su-lien kung chʻan tang --- SUKP --- SZKP --- Szovjetunió Kommunista Pártja --- U̇mum Ittifag Kommunist Partii︠a︡sy --- Zenrenpō Kyōsantō --- ZKhUKN --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Ulsyn Kommunist Nam --- Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза --- אלקפ (ב) --- מפלגה הקומוניסטית של ברית־המועצות --- 蘇聯共產黨 --- Soviet Union --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Zwia̦zek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Politics and government --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS --- Σταλιν, Ιωσηφ, --- Stalin, Ιōsēph, --- Jughashvili, Ioseb, --- Jughashvili, Ioseb Vissarionovich, --- Jughashvili, Koba,

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The flow of money to national, regional, and local Soviet communist party organizations, the manner in which money was collected, and how their financial discipline was enforced all yield deep insights into the party's role in the Soviet institutional design. Funding Loyalty examines the Soviet communist party's financial operations and its budget from the 1930's through 1960's, providing a fresh look at the evolution of the party and its role in the Soviet economy and society as a whole.

Economics --- Kommunisticheskai͡a partii͡a Sovetskogo Soi͡uza --- Communist Party of the Soviet Union --- Communist Party of USSR --- CPSU --- Đảng cộng sản Liên xô --- Kamunistychnai︠a︡ partyi︠a︡ Savetskaha Sai︠u︡za --- KKSE --- Kommounistikon Komma tēs Sobietikēs Henōseōs --- Kommunistische Partei der Sowjet Union --- Komunistička partija Sovjetskog Saveza --- Komunistická strana Sovětského svazu --- Komunistychna partii︠a︡ Radi︠a︡nsʹkoho Soi︠u︡zu --- Komunistyczna Partia Związku Radzieckiego --- KPdSU --- KPR --- KPRS --- KPSS --- KPZR --- KSSS --- KSSZ --- Miflagah ha-ḳomunisṭit shel Berit-ha-Moʻatsot --- Neuvostoliiton kommunistinen puolue --- NKP --- NLKP --- Nõukogude Liidu Kommunistlik Partei --- Partai Komunis Uni Sovjet --- Parti communiste de l'Union soviétique --- Partido Comunista de la Unión Soviética --- Partido Comunista Ruso --- Partito comunista Unione sovietica --- PCUS --- Phō̜kō̜sō̜sō̜ --- PKUS --- Rokoku Kyōsantō --- Roshia Kyōsantō --- Rosia Kongsandang --- Sabčotʻa Kavširis Komunisturi Partia --- SKKP --- SMKK --- SMKP --- Sobieto Kyōsantō --- Soren Kyōsantō --- Sorenpō Kyōsantō --- Sov. IKP --- Sovet Ittifagy Kommunist Partii̐asy --- Sovetakan Miutʻian Komunistakan Kusaktsʻutʻyun --- Sovetakan Miutʻian Komunistakan Partia --- Soviet Communist Party --- Soviet Union. --- Sōviyata Saṅghakī Kamyunisṭa Pārṭī --- Sovjetunionens kommunistiska parti --- Sovyetler Birliği Komünist Partisi --- Su-lien kung chʻan tang --- SUKP --- SZKP --- Szovjetunió Kommunista Pártja --- U̇mum Ittifag Kommunist Partii︠a︡sy --- Zenrenpō Kyōsantō --- ZKhUKN --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Ulsyn Kommunist Nam --- Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза --- אלקפ (ב) --- מפלגה הקומוניסטית של ברית־המועצות --- 蘇聯共產黨 --- Kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ RSFSR --- Vsesoi︠u︡znai︠a︡ kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ (bolʹshevikov) (1925-1952) --- Vsesoi︠u︡znai︠a︡ kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ (bolʹshevikov) (1991- ) --- Finance. --- Soviet Union --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Zwia̦zek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Politics and government --- Economic aspects. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS

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Russia today is haunted by deeds that have not been examined and words that have been left unsaid. A serious attempt to understand the meaning of the Communist experience has not been undertaken, and millions of victims of Soviet Communism are all but forgotten. In this book David Satter, a former Moscow correspondent and longtime writer on Russia and the Soviet Union, presents a striking new interpretation of Russia's great historical tragedy, locating its source in Russia's failure fully to appreciate the value of the individual in comparison with the objectives of the state. Satter explores the moral and spiritual crisis of Russian society. He shows how it is possible for a government to deny the inherent value of its citizens and for the population to agree, and why so many Russians actually mourn the passing of the Soviet regime that denied them fundamental rights. Through a wide-ranging consideration of attitudes toward the living and the dead, the past and the present, the state and the individual, Satter arrives at a distinctive and important new way of understanding the Russian experience.

Atrocities --- Communism --- Public opinion --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- Military atrocities --- Cruelty --- War crimes --- History. --- Public opinion. --- Stalin, Joseph, --- Djougatchvili, Iossif Vissarionovitch, --- Джугашвили, Иосиф Виссарионович, --- Dzhugashvili, Iosif Vissarionovich, --- Koba, --- Shih-tʻai-lin, --- Sidalin, --- Ssu-ta-lin, --- Stalin, Giuseppe, --- Сталин, И. В. --- Stalin, I. V. --- Сталин, Иосиф, --- Stalin, Iosif, --- Сталин, К., --- Stalin, K., --- Staline, --- Staline, Joseph, --- Staljin, J. V., --- Sutārin, --- Soselo, --- Stalini, Ioseb Besarionis że, --- Sṭalin, Y. Ṿ., --- Sṭalin, Y., --- Stalin, Josef, --- Stalin, Josef Vissarionovich, --- סטאלין, יאסיף, --- סטאלין, י. --- סטאלין, י. וו --- סטאלין, י. װ. --- סטאלין, י., --- סטלין, יוסיף ויסאריונוביץ׳, --- סטלין, יוסף --- 斯大林, --- Stalin, Jossif Vissarionovitš, --- Sztálin, Joszif, --- Istālīn, Yūsīf Vīsāryūnūvīch, --- استالين، يوسيف ويساريونووتج, --- Kommunisticheskai͡a partii͡a Sovetskogo Soi͡uza --- Soviet Union. --- Gosudarstvennyĭ komitet RSFSR po obshchestvennoĭ bezopasnosti i vzaimodeĭstvii︠u︡ s Ministerstvom oborony SSSR i KGB SSSR --- Russia (Federation). --- T︠S︡entralʹnai︠a︡ sluzhba razvedki SSSR --- KGB --- USSR KGB --- K.G.B. --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.). --- KA-GKE-BE --- KGB SSSR --- ק.ג.ב --- НКВД --- NKVD --- Н.К.В.Д. --- N.K.V.D. --- НКВД СССР --- NKVD SSSR --- NKWD --- NKWD ZSRR --- НКВС --- NKVS --- Kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ RSFSR --- Vsesoi︠u︡znai︠a︡ kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ (bolʹshevikov) (1925-1952) --- Vsesoi︠u︡znai︠a︡ kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ (bolʹshevikov) (1991- ) --- Communist Party of the Soviet Union --- Communist Party of USSR --- CPSU --- Đảng cộng sản Liên xô --- Kamunistychnai︠a︡ partyi︠a︡ Savetskaha Sai︠u︡za --- KKSE --- Kommounistikon Komma tēs Sobietikēs Henōseōs --- Kommunistische Partei der Sowjet Union --- Komunistička partija Sovjetskog Saveza --- Komunistická strana Sovětského svazu --- Komunistychna partii︠a︡ Radi︠a︡nsʹkoho Soi︠u︡zu --- Komunistyczna Partia Związku Radzieckiego --- KPdSU --- KPR --- KPRS --- KPSS --- KPZR --- KSSS --- KSSZ --- Miflagah ha-ḳomunisṭit shel Berit-ha-Moʻatsot --- Neuvostoliiton kommunistinen puolue --- NKP --- NLKP --- Nõukogude Liidu Kommunistlik Partei --- Partai Komunis Uni Sovjet --- Parti communiste de l'Union soviétique --- Partido Comunista de la Unión Soviética --- Partido Comunista Ruso --- Partito comunista Unione sovietica --- PCUS --- Phō̜kō̜sō̜sō̜ --- PKUS --- Rokoku Kyōsantō --- Roshia Kyōsantō --- Rosia Kongsandang --- Sabčotʻa Kavširis Komunisturi Partia --- SKKP --- SMKK --- SMKP --- Sobieto Kyōsantō --- Soren Kyōsantō --- Sorenpō Kyōsantō --- Sov. IKP --- Sovet Ittifagy Kommunist Partii̐asy --- Sovetakan Miutʻian Komunistakan Kusaktsʻutʻyun --- Sovetakan Miutʻian Komunistakan Partia --- Soviet Communist Party --- Sōviyata Saṅghakī Kamyunisṭa Pārṭī --- Sovjetunionens kommunistiska parti --- Sovyetler Birliği Komünist Partisi --- Su-lien kung chʻan tang --- SUKP --- SZKP --- Szovjetunió Kommunista Pártja --- U̇mum Ittifag Kommunist Partii︠a︡sy --- Zenrenpō Kyōsantō --- ZKhUKN --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Ulsyn Kommunist Nam --- Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза --- אלקפ (ב) --- מפלגה הקומוניסטית של ברית־המועצות --- 蘇聯共產黨 --- Soviet Union --- History --- Stalin, Joseph, -- 1879-1953.. --- Kommunisticheska?i?a parti?i?a Sovetskogo So?i?uza -- History.. --- Soviet Union. -- Narodnyi komissariat vnutrennikh del -- History.. --- Soviet Union. -- Komitet gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti -- History.. --- Atrocities -- Soviet Union -- History.. --- Atrocities -- Soviet Union -- Public opinion.. --- Communism -- Soviet Union -- History. --- HISTORY / Modern / 20th Century --- Russia (Federation) --- Σταλιν, Ιωσηφ, --- Stalin, Ιōsēph, --- Jughashvili, Ioseb, --- Jughashvili, Ioseb Vissarionovich, --- Jughashvili, Koba,