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This book describes the basic mechanisms, theory, simulations and technological aspects of Laser processing techniques. It covers the principles of laser quenching, welding, cutting, alloying, selective sintering, ablation, etc. The main attention is paid to the quantitative description. The diversity and complexity of technological and physical processes is discussed using a unitary approach. The book aims on understanding the cause-and-effect relations in physical processes in Laser technologies. It will help researchers and engineers to improve the existing and develop new Laser machining techniques. The book addresses readers with a certain background in general physics and mathematical analysis: graduate students, researchers and engineers practicing laser applications.

Laser materials --- Lasers --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Applied Physics --- Industrial applications --- Laser materials. --- Industrial applications. --- Materials --- Materials. --- Engineering. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Applied and Technical Physics. --- Metallic Materials. --- Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Physics. --- Metals. --- Thermodynamics. --- Heat engineering. --- Heat transfer. --- Mass transfer. --- Heat --- Mechanical engineering --- Thermodynamics --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Energy transfer --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Transport theory

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This volume comprises a collection of papers presented at the 9th international conference on Global Research and Education, ""INTER-ACADEMIA 2010"", held from August 9th to 12th, 2010 at the Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia. It contains 88 contributions, including 4 invited papers, from more than 10 countries. The invited papers, presented by internationally recognized experts, review the state-of-the-art and future trends in each field of research. The peer-reviewed contributions are organized under the headings of: Physics and Technology, Chemistry, Biology and Medicine, and Computer

Materials science --- Materials --- Laser materials --- Biomedical materials --- Biocompatible materials --- Biomaterials --- Medical materials --- Medicine --- Biomedical engineering --- Biocompatibility --- Prosthesis --- Lasers --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Research --- Engineering --- Material Science and Metallurgy --- Physics --- Civil Engineering --- General and Others --- Solid State Physics --- Bioartificial materials --- Hemocompatible materials --- Biomaterials (Biomedical materials) --- Materials science. --- Solid state physics. --- Solid state chemistry. --- Werkstoffkunde --- Solids --- Chemistry, Solid state --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Materialkunde --- Werkstoffwissenschaften --- Werkstofftechnik --- Materialwissenschaft --- Werkstoffwissenschaft

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The Biology of Echinostomes presents the echinostomes in the context of modern parasitology and shows applications of new methodologies and concepts to a group of trematodes that may be useful to obtain information of great value in both parasitology and general biology. Several chapters cover the research and literature on such echinostome-like trematodes as Ribeiroia spp. Emphasis is placed on recent advances and gaps in knowledge that must be filled to determine the importance of this group of digeneans as experimental models. This is critical to gain a full understanding of the potential role of echinostomes in the field of experimental parasitology. All chapters are covered from a modern point of view, considering matters such as the applications of novel techniques and analysis of data in the context of host-parasite interactions. The Biology of Echinostomes is an ideal volume for researchers and advanced students concentrating on echinostomes as experimental models.

Crystals. --- Echinostomatidae. --- Laser materials. --- Parasitology. --- Solid-state lasers. --- Echinostomatidae --- Parasitology --- Invertebrates & Protozoa --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Biology --- Zoology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal models in research. --- Research. --- Population genetics --- 631.523.5 --- Solid-state lasers --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Infectious diseases. --- Biochemistry. --- Proteomics. --- Biomedicine. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. --- 575.17 --- 519.2 --- 57.087.1 --- 51-7 --- 51-7 Mathematical studies and methods in other sciences. Scientific mathematics. Actuarial mathematics. Biometrics. Econometrics etc. --- Mathematical studies and methods in other sciences. Scientific mathematics. Actuarial mathematics. Biometrics. Econometrics etc. --- Genetics --- Animal experimentation --- Biological models --- Laboratory animals --- Research --- Echinostomida --- Crystals --- Laser materials --- Mathematics. --- Mathematics --- Medical parasitology. --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases --- Molecular biology --- Proteins --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Human beings --- Human parasitology --- Parasitic diseases --- Composition --- Parasites --- Plant systematics. --- Plant taxonomy. --- Botanical classification --- Botanical systematics --- Botanical taxonomy --- Botany --- Classification --- Plant biosystematics --- Plant classification --- Plant systematics --- Plant taxonomy --- Systematic botany --- Systematics (Botany) --- Taxonomy, Plant --- Plant taxonomists --- Plants

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Microtechnology has changed our world since the last century, when silicon microelectronics revolutionized sensor, control and communication areas, with applications extending from domotics to automotive, and from security to biomedicine. The present century, however, is also seeing an accelerating pace of innovation in glassy materials; as an example, glass-ceramics, which successfully combine the properties of an amorphous matrix with those of micro- or nano-crystals, offer a very high flexibility of design to chemists, physicists and engineers, who can conceive and implement advanced microdevices. In a very similar way, the synthesis of glassy polymers in a very wide range of chemical structures offers unprecedented potential of applications. The contemporary availability of microfabrication technologies, such as direct laser writing or 3D printing, which add to the most common processes (deposition, lithography and etching), facilitates the development of novel or advanced microdevices based on glassy materials. Biochemical and biomedical sensors, especially with the lab-on-a-chip target, are one of the most evident proofs of the success of this material platform. Other applications have also emerged in environment, food, and chemical industries. The present Special Issue of Micromachines aims at reviewing the current state-of-the-art and presenting perspectives of further development. Contributions related to the technologies, glassy materials, design and fabrication processes, characterization, and, eventually, applications are welcome.

enhanced boiling heat transfer --- microfluidic devices --- thermal insulation --- fibers --- lab-on-a-chip --- precision glass molding --- device simulations --- spray pyrolysis technique --- dielectric materials --- detection of small molecules --- roughness --- direct metal forming --- micro-grinding --- MEMS --- chalcogenide glass --- whispering gallery mode --- down-shifting --- glass --- optofluidic microbubble resonator --- luminescent materials --- filling ratio --- 2D colloidal crystal --- waveguides --- micro-crack propagation --- fluid displacement --- biosensors --- freeform optics --- microstructured optical fibers --- laser micromachining --- polymeric microfluidic flow cytometry --- luminescence --- frequency conversion --- light --- micro/nano patterning --- resonator --- fiber coupling --- distributed sensing --- severing force --- microsphere --- alkali cells --- microfabrication --- hybrid materials --- enclosed microstructures --- infrared optics --- glassy carbon micromold --- Ag nanoaggregates --- microfluidics --- chemical/biological sensing --- porous media --- atomic spectroscopy --- quartz glass --- solar energy --- diffusion --- soft colloidal lithography --- groove --- compound glass --- metallic microstructure --- whispering gallery modes --- sol-gel --- communications --- femtosecond laser --- optofluidics --- europium --- aspherical lens --- long period grating --- optical cells --- polymers --- lasing --- photovoltaics --- microresonator --- sensing --- microspheres --- light localization --- Yb³⁺ ions --- laser materials processing --- photonic microdevices --- MEMS vapor cells --- microtechnology --- ultrafast laser micromachining --- photon --- single-cell protein quantification --- strain microsensor --- label-free sensor --- microdevices --- ultrafast laser welding --- nuclear fusion --- vectorial strain gauge --- single-cell analysis --- glass molding process