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Parce que le « discours sur les besoins » prend chaque jour plus d’ampleur et qu’un nombre croissant de politiques ou d’intellectuels ont fait de cette notion leur cheval de bataille, il était tentant de faire le point et d’instruire l’enquête en laissant s’exprimer toutes les parties. Ce Cahier ne prétend nullement à l’impartialité ; à bien des égards, il constitue un sévère réquisitoire contre la manière dont les organisations internationales conçoivent — et cherchent à satisfaire — les « besoins fondamentaux » des populations des suds.
Sociology & Anthropology --- développement économique --- besoins fondamentaux --- culture --- identité --- pauvreté --- ONU - Organisation des Nations unies --- économie politique
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Cet ouvrage constitue un travail de réflexion et de synthèse sur les tendances présentes et décelables des principales options politiques et économiques des gouvernements africains au terme de vingt-cinq ans d'indépendance. Trois considérations dominent l'approche de l'auteur : 1. L'Afrique, cette entité politique et économique « une et indivisible », à laquelle on se réfère constamment, n'existe pas. Elle est à concevoir et à forger au prix d'un effort gigantesque de plusieurs générations d'Africains confiants dans les valeurs ancestrales et suffisamment avertis des réalités du monde extérieur. 2. L'indépendance n'est pas une fin, mais un moyen au service de la libération nationale qui constitue le véritable et ultime objectif de la décolonisation de l'Afrique. 3. Le développement est un projet commun de société. Dans son élaboration, le peuple est acteur et l'élite instrument, et non l'inverse. L'auteur sort des sentiers battus d'une présentation idéalisée ou schématisée de l'Afrique pour nous restituer l'indépendance dans son extrême complexité, simple charnière entre le passé et l'avenir de l'Afrique. Dans une présentation sans complaisance, à partir d'une profonde et stimulante inspiration, le débat sur l'avenir de l'Afrique s'ouvre ici à un niveau exceptionnellement élevé.
Africa --- Economic conditions --- Politics and government --- Social conditions --- Africa - Economic conditions - 1960 --- -Africa - Politics and government - 1960 --- -Africa - Social conditions - 1960 --- -Africa --- Etat | nation --- décolonisation --- pays en voie de développement --- libération nationale --- politique internationale --- développement économique --- géopolitique --- ONU - Organisation des Nations unies --- politique contemporaine
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This remarkable collection of letters reveals the debate over universal human rights. Prominent mid-twentieth-century intellectuals and leaders—including Gandhi, T.S. Eliot, W.H. Auden, Aldous Huxley, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Arnold Schoenberg—engaged with the question of universal human rights. Letters to the Contrarypresents the foundation of the intellectual struggles and ideological doubts still present in today's human rights debates. Since its adoption in 1948, historians and human rights scholars have claimed that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was influenced by UNESCO's 1947–48 global survey of intellectuals, theologians, and cultural and political leaders, that supposedly demonstrated a truly universal consensus on human rights. Based on meticulous archival research, Letters to the Contrary provides a curated history of the UNESCO human rights survey and demonstrates its relevance to contemporary debates over the origins, legitimacy, and universality of human rights. In collecting, annotating, and analyzing these responses, including letters and responses that were omitted and polite refusals to respond, Mark Goodale shows that the UNESCO human rights survey was much less than supposed, but also much more. In many ways, the intellectual struggles, moral questions, and ideological doubts among the different participants who both organized and responded to the survey reveal a strikingly critical and contemporary orientation, raising similar questions at the center of current debates surrounding human rights scholarship and practice. This volume contains letters and survey responses from Jacques Havet, Jacques Maritain, Arnold J. Lien, Richard P. Mckeon, Quincy Wright, Levi Carneiro, Arthur H. Compton, Charles E. Merriam, Lewis Mumford, E. H. Carr, John Lewis, Harold J. Laski, Serge Hessen, John Somerville, Boris Tchechko, Luc Somerhausen, Hyman Levy, Ture Nerman, R. Palme Dutt, Maurice Dobb, Pierre Teilhard De Chardin, Marcel De Corte, Pedro Troncoso Sánchez, Mahatma Gandhi, Chung-Shu Lo, Kurt Riezler, Inocenc Arnošt Bláha, Hubert Frère, M. Nicolay, W. Albert Noyes, Jr., Aldous Huxley, Ralph W. Gerard, Johannes M. Burgers, Humayun Kabir, A. P. Elkin, S. V. Puntambekar, Leonard Barnes, Benedetto Croce, Jean Haesart, F. S. C. Northrop, Peter Skov, Emmanuel Mounier, Maurice Webb, John Macmurray, Julius Moór, L. Horváth, Alfred Weber, Don Salvador De Madariaga, Frank R. Scott, Jawaharlal Nehru, Margery Fry, Isaac Leon Kandel, René Maheu, Albert Szent-Györgyi, Morris L. Ernst, Arnold Schoenberg, W. H. Auden, Melville Herskovits, Theodore Johannes Haarhoff, Ernest Henry Burgmann, Herbert Read, and T. S. Eliot.
Human rights --- History --- United Nations. --- Unesco --- Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture --- ユネスコ --- 国際連合教育科学文化機関 --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la educación, la ciencia y la cultura --- United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization --- Verenigde Naties. Organisatie voor onderwijs, wetenschap en cultuur --- UNESCO
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Unesco. --- Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture --- ユネスコ --- 国際連合教育科学文化機関 --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la educación, la ciencia y la cultura --- United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization --- Verenigde Naties. Organisatie voor onderwijs, wetenschap en cultuur
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International relations --- Diplomacy --- Language --- Lerarenopleiding --- Language. --- (vak)didactiek talen. --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Community organization --- retoriek --- Third World: economic development problems --- Developing countries: economic development problems --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- International relations - Language --- Diplomacy - Language --- pensée politique --- développement --- langage --- rhétorique --- politique internationale --- Banque mondiale --- ONU - Organisation des Nations unies
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For nearly 70 years, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has played a crucial role in developing policies and recommendations for dealing with intangible cultural heritage. What has been the effect of such sweeping global policies on those actually affected by them? How connected is UNESCO with what is happening every day, on the ground, in local communities? Drawing upon six communities ranging across three continents--from India, South Korea, Malawi, Japan, Macedonia and China--and focusing on festival, ritual, and dance, this volume illuminates the complexities and challenges faced by those who find themselves drawn, in different ways, into UNESCO's orbit. Some struggle to incorporate UNESCO recognition into their own local understanding of tradition; others cope with the fallout of a failed intangible cultural heritage nomination. By exploring locally, by looking outward from the inside, the essays show how a normative policy such as UNESCO's intangible cultural heritage policy can take on specific associations and inflections. A number of the key questions and themes emerge across the case studies and three accompanying commentaries: issues of terminology; power struggles between local, national and international stakeholders; the value of international recognition; and what forces shape selection processes. With examples from around the world, and a balance of local experiences with broader perspectives, this volume provides a unique comparative approach to timely questions of tradition and change in a rapidly globalizing world.
Intangible property. --- Cultural property. --- Incorporeal property --- Intangible assets --- Intangible property --- Intangibles --- Property --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- World Heritage areas --- Law and legislation --- Unesco. --- Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture --- ユネスコ --- 国際連合教育科学文化機関 --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la educación, la ciencia y la cultura --- United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization --- Verenigde Naties. Organisatie voor onderwijs, wetenschap en cultuur
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This book explores how the mere designation of World Heritage sites can achieve UNESCO's goal of creating lasting worldwide peace. Drawing on ethnography, policy analysis, and a sophisticated fusion of anthropological theories, Di Giovine convincingly reveals the existence of a global heritage-scape and provides a detailed yet expansive look at the politics and processes, histories and structures, and the rituals and symbolisms of the interrelated phenomena of tourism, historic preservation, and UNESCO's World Heritage Convention.
World Heritage areas. --- Heritage tourism. --- Peace-building. --- Building peace --- Peacebuilding --- Conflict management --- Peace --- Peacekeeping forces --- Cultural tourism --- Tourism --- World Heritage sites --- Cultural property --- Historic sites --- Natural areas --- Unesco. --- Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture --- ユネスコ --- 国際連合教育科学文化機関 --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la educación, la ciencia y la cultura --- United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization --- Verenigde Naties. Organisatie voor onderwijs, wetenschap en cultuur --- Sociology of culture --- tourism --- World Heritage Sites --- cultural heritage --- architectural heritage --- UNESCO
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" Best known for its World Heritage program committed to "the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity," the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was founded in 1945 as an intergovernmental agency aimed at fostering peace, humanitarianism, and intercultural understanding. Its mission was inspired by leading European intellectuals such as Henri Bergson, Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, Thomas Mann, H. G. Wells, and Aldous and Julian Huxley. Often critiqued for its inherent Eurocentrism, UNESCO and its World Heritage program today remain embedded within modernist principles of "progress" and "development" and subscribe to the liberal principles of diplomacy and mutual tolerance. However, its mission to prevent conflict, destruction, and intolerance, while noble and much needed, increasingly falls short, as recent battles over the World Heritage sites of Preah Vihear, Chersonesos, Jerusalem, Palmyra, Aleppo, and Sana'a, among others, have underlined. A Future in Ruins is the story of UNESCO's efforts to save the world's heritage and, in doing so, forge an international community dedicated to peaceful co-existence and conservation. It traces how archaeology and internationalism were united in Western initiatives after the political upheavals of the First and Second World Wars. This formed the backdrop for the emergent hopes of a better world that were to captivate the "minds of men." UNESCO's leaders were also confronted with challenges and conflicts about their own mission. Would the organization aspire to intellectual pursuits that contributed to the dream of peace or instead be relegated to an advisory and technical agency? An eye-opening and long overdue account of a celebrated yet poorly understood agency, A Future in Ruins calls on us all to understand how and why the past comes to matter in the present, who shapes it, and who wins or loses as a consequence. "-- "A Future in Ruins is an eye-opening look at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Focusing on early luminaries like H.G. Wells, Aldous, and Julian Huxley, with their dystopian fears for the future, through to the devastation of ancient sites like Cuzco, Abu Simbel, the Bamiyan Valley, and Palmyra, the book traces how, from 1945 to the present, cultural heritage has been a vital part of the elusive hope for a better world"--
Cultural property --- Protection --- History. --- Destruction and pillage --- Unesco --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- Property --- World Heritage areas --- Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture --- ユネスコ --- 国際連合教育科学文化機関 --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la educación, la ciencia y la cultura --- United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization --- Verenigde Naties. Organisatie voor onderwijs, wetenschap en cultuur
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Fifty years after the creation of the United Nations, there exists a vigorous debate as to its limitations and possibilities. In United Nations in the Contemporary World, David J. Whittaker examines how the UN works and assesses its position as a world organisation.The author explores the nature of the UN as a regime in contemporary international relations. He considers the changing terms of reference of the UN and includes discussion of:* UN organisational procedures and principles;* recent historical case studies, including studies on peacekeeping* the role
United Nations --- United Nations. --- Nations Unies --- UNO --- Naciones Unidas --- ONU --- Organisation des Nations Unies --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- OON --- Vereinigte Nationen --- Umot ha-meʼuḥadot --- Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych --- ONZ --- Forente nasjoner --- Forenede nationer --- FN --- Förenta nationerna --- Gaertʻianebuli erebi --- Organização das Nações Unidas --- PBB --- Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa --- Kokusai Rengō --- Kokuren --- ENSZ --- Egyesült Nemzetek Szövetsége --- Birleșmiș Milletler Teșkilâtı --- Birlăşmiş Millătăr Tăşkilatı --- Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti --- BMT --- YK --- Yhdistyneet kansakunnat --- OUN --- Organizacija Ujedinjenih Nacija --- UN --- NU --- Nazioni Unite --- OSN --- Organizace spojených národů --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttafiq --- Bangsa² Bersatu --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas --- Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon --- ÜRO --- Organismos tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Umoja wa Mataifa --- Vereinten Nationen --- Vereinte Nationen --- Hayʼat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- Verenigde Naties --- VN --- Organizația Națiunilor Unite --- Um --- Lien ho kuo --- OKB --- Organizata e Kombeve të Bashkuara --- Lian he guo --- U.N. --- Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- OĒE --- Hēnōmena Ethnē --- Organizácia Spojených Národov --- Sahaprachāchāt --- Națiunile Unite --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ na obedinenite nat︠s︡ii --- Organismos Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Manẓūmat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- AAN --- Arhanizatsyi︠a︡ Ab'i︠a︡dnanykh Natsyĭ --- Nações Unidas --- Orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Ob'i︠e︡dnanykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- O.Ē.E. --- ʻOngkān Sahaprachāchāt --- Sjuninejal Konob'laq --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Nėgdsėn U̇ndėstniĭ Baĭguullaga --- NUB --- Rāshṭrasaṃgha --- או״מ --- أمم المتحدة --- الأمم المتحدة --- سازمان ملل متحد --- 国際連合 --- 联合囯 --- 聯合國 --- United Nations Organization --- Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Liên Hợp Quó̂c --- LHQ --- Kula Samagga --- YūʼAṅʻnʻ --- 联合国 --- Организация на обединените нации --- Организация Объединённых Наций --- ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES --- SECURITE INTERNATIONALE --- RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES --- HISTOIRE --- 20E SIECLE --- 1945 --- -United Nations. --- -ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES --- 1945-
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The UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage 2001, which entered into force internationally in 2009, is designed to deal with threats to underwater cultural heritage arising as a result of advances in deep-water technology. However, the relationship between this new treaty and the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea is deeply controversial. This study of the international legal framework regulating human interference with underwater cultural heritage explores the development and present status of the framework and gives some consideration to how it may evolve in the future. The central themes are the issues that provided the UNESCO negotiators with their greatest challenges: the question of ownership rights in sunken vessels and cargoes; sovereign immunity and sunken warships; the application of salvage law; the ethics of commercial exploitation; and, most crucially, the question of jurisdictional competence to regulate activities beyond territorial sea limits.
Unesco. --- Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage --- Underwater archaeology --- Cultural property --- Law and legislation. --- Protection (International law). --- Protection (International law) --- Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001 November 2) --- Archéologie sous-marine --- Biens culturels --- Droit --- Protection --- Droit international --- International law --- Law of the sea --- Territorial waters --- Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture --- ユネスコ --- 国際連合教育科学文化機関 --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la educación, la ciencia y la cultura --- United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization --- Verenigde Naties. Organisatie voor onderwijs, wetenschap en cultuur --- Underwater Convention --- Law --- General and Others
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