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Provability, Computability and Reflection

Logic, Symbolic and mathematical -- Periodicals. --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Physics -- Philosophy. --- Science -- Philosophy. --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Physics --- Science --- Philosophy

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The concept of mass is one of the most fundamental notions in physics, comparable in importance only to those of space and time. But in contrast to the latter, which are the subject of innumerable physical and philosophical studies, the concept of mass has been but rarely investigated. Here Max Jammer, a leading philosopher and historian of physics, provides a concise but comprehensive, coherent, and self-contained study of the concept of mass as it is defined, interpreted, and applied in contemporary physics and as it is critically examined in the modern philosophy of science. With its focus on theories proposed after the mid-1950s, the book is the first of its kind, covering the most recent experimental and theoretical investigations into the nature of mass and its role in modern physics, from the realm of elementary particles to the cosmology of galaxies. The book begins with an analysis of the persistent difficulties of defining inertial mass in a noncircular manner and discusses the related question of whether mass is an observational or a theoretical concept. It then studies the notion of mass in special relativity and the delicate problem of whether the relativistic rest mass is the only legitimate notion of mass and whether it is identical with the classical (Newtonian) mass. This is followed by a critical analysis of the different derivations of the famous mass-energy relationship E = mc2 and its conflicting interpretations. Jammer then devotes a chapter to the distinction between inertial and gravitational mass and to the various versions of the so-called equivalence principle with which Newton initiated his Principia but which also became the starting point of Einstein's general relativity, which supersedes Newtonian physics. The book concludes with a presentation of recently proposed global and local dynamical theories of the origin and nature of mass. Destined to become a much-consulted reference for philosophers and physicists, this book is also written for the nonprofessional general reader interested in the foundations of physics.

Gravitational mass --- Inertial mass --- Mass (Physics) --- Physics --- Philosophy. --- Force and energy --- Gravitation --- Inertia (Mechanics) --- Matter --- Mechanics --- Moments of inertia --- Weight (Physics) --- Properties --- Philosophy --- Physique --- Philosophie --- Physics - Philosophy

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And an introduction to their physics.

Physics -- History. --- Physics -- Philosophy. --- Quantum theory -- Miscellanea. --- Quantum theory -- Popular works. --- Science -- History. --- Science -- Philosophy. --- Atomic Physics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics

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Nature is not only stable and static but also unstable and dynamical ? this has been shown by physics during the last 40 years. Today, instabilities are regarded as productive and creative sources of change, pattern formation, and growth. They constitute the nomological nucleus of self-organization, chaos and complexity, time's arrow and chance. This change in understanding nature has also modified sciences. Physics has traditionally limited its scope to stability. Currently, it is expanding and renewing itself: a late-modern physics is emerging, and discloses rich interdisciplinary perspectiv

Nonlinear theories. --- Physics --- Stability. --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Motion --- Vibration --- Benjamin-Feir instability --- Equilibrium --- Nonlinear problems --- Nonlinearity (Mathematics) --- Calculus --- Mathematical analysis --- Mathematical physics --- Philosophy. --- Physics - Philosophy. --- Physics - History. --- Instability. --- complexity. --- philosophy. --- physics. --- self-organization. --- Instabilität. --- Naturphilosophie. --- Naturverständnis. --- Philosophie. --- Physik. --- Wissenschaftsentwicklung. --- History.

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Karl R. Popper is widely regarded as one of the most influential 20th century philosophers. In this new biography, Weinert provides a comprehensive and accessible account of his life and work, also addressing Popper’s role as a public intellectual. Drawing on a wide range of sources and interviews with former colleagues and collaborators, he recounts not only the wide interest from the scientific community, but also the inspiration that politicians took from Popper’s work. The book surveys the vast and varied intellectual landscape of Popper's philosophical journey during his long career: from the natural and social sciences (physics, evolution, sociology to political philosophy and the philosophy of mind. It pays significant attention to Popper’s critical method - i.e., the notion that ideas and institutions should be exposed to rigorous tests – the approach that led him to a fervent defence of objectivity, rationality and realism, against all forms of irrationalism, as well as a passionate advocacy of freedom, social justice and liberal democracy, against all forms of authoritarianism. The book brings Popper into focus as a modern Enlightenment philosopher.

Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Philosophy of science --- Sociology --- Politics --- sociologie --- politiek --- politieke filosofie --- wetenschapsfilosofie --- Science—Philosophy. --- Political science. --- Sociology—Methodology. --- Physics—Philosophy. --- Political science—Philosophy. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Political Science. --- Sociological Methods. --- Philosophical Foundations of Physics and Astronomy. --- Political Philosophy.