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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

plant development --- root system architecture --- lateral root --- pericycle --- branching --- morphogenesis

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During their life cycle plants undergo a wide variety of morphological and developmental changes. Impinging these developmental processes there is a layer of gene, protein and metabolic networks that are responsible for the initiation of the correct developmental transitions at the right time of the year to ensure plant life success. New omic technologies are allowing the acquisition of massive amount of data to develop holistic and integrative analysis to understand complex processes. Among them, Microarray, Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) and Proteomics are providing enormous amount of data from different plant species and developmental stages, thus allowing the analysis of gene networks globally. Besides, the comparison of molecular networks from different species is providing information on their evolutionary history, shedding light on the origin of many key genes/proteins. Moreover, developmental processes are not only genetically programed but are also affected by internal and external signals. Metabolism, light, hormone action, temperature, biotic and abiotic stresses, etc. have a deep effect on developmental programs. The interface and interplay between these internal and external circuits with developmental programs can be unraveled through the integration of systematic experimentation with the computational analysis of the generated omics data (Molecular Systems Biology). This Research Topic intends to deepen in the different plant developmental pathways and how the corresponding gene networks evolved from a Molecular Systems Biology perspective. Global approaches for photoperiod, circadian clock and hormone regulated processes; pattern formation, phase-transitions, organ development, etc. will provide new insights on how plant complexity was built during evolution. Understanding the interface and interplay between different regulatory networks will also provide fundamental information on plant biology and focus on those traits that may be important for next-generation agriculture.

Plant Development --- Omics --- Molecular Systems Biology --- Evolution --- Gene Regulatory Networks

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Mycology has an integral role to play in the development of the biotechnology and biomedical sectors. It has become a subject of increasing importance as new fungi and their associated biomolecules are identified. As this discipline comes to the forefront of research in these sectors, the requirement for a consolidation of available research approaches is required. The First Edition of this book has a few basic and applied protocols. With the Second Edition, this book provides consolidated information on recent developments and the most widely used mycological methods available in the fields of biochemistry, biotechnology and microbiology. The methods outlined offer clear and concise directions to the reader and covers both standard protocols and more applied mycological methods. This book provides useful information for undergraduates, post-graduates, and specialists and researchers studying fungal biology.

Fungi. --- Mycology. --- Microbiology. --- Botanical chemistry. --- Biotechnology. --- Plants --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Plant Development. --- Development. --- Fongs --- Manuals de laboratori

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About 15 years after the first edition of the Handbook of Aizoaceae, a wealth of changes can be reported for the family Aizoaceae, and this second edition brings a completely new survey over all taxonomic units from subfamilies down to species and subspecies; each critically examined. Of the presently known 2956 species, 1594 have been accepted and are described here, arranged in 147 genera. Six genera have been newly described since 2001, namely Brianhuntleya, Hammeria, Knersia, Phiambolia, Ruschiella, and Volkeranthus, and only one has been placed newly into synonymy (Caulipsilon). All synonymous genus names are treated with the valid genus names. Preliminary molecular studies are referred to, for which different groups of markers at different levels like species, genera, subgenera, and further ranks have been used. The basic division into four subfamilies is supported by more recent studies, yet with some genera being shifted. Furthermore, the geographical distribution of each genus is shown on one map each: either worldwide, or restricted to Southern Africa. For these latter, the main rainfall seasons are delimited by blue lines in order to offer also parameters for cultivation. This second edition provides a comprehensive list of the latest taxonomy including the updated relevant plant data. Following an introduction to the leaf-succulent family Aizoaceae, including keys to the subfamilies and genera, all genera with keys to the subgenera and succulent species are described in detail.

Plants --- Plant ecology. --- Plant Evolution. --- Plant Ecology. --- Plant Development. --- Evolution. --- Development.

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Over the last decades, nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an essential player in redox signalling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) also act as signals throughout all stages of plant life. Because they are potentially harmful for cellular integrity, ROS and NO levels must be tightly controlled, especially by the classical antioxidant system and additional redox-active metabolites and proteins. Recent work provided evidence that NO and ROS influence each other’s biosynthesis and removal. Moreover, novel signalling molecules resulting from the chemical reaction between NO, ROS and plant metabolites have been highlighted, including N2O3, ONOO-, NO2, S-nitrosoglutathione and 8-NO2 cGMP. They are involved in diverse plant physiological processes, the best characterized being stomata regulation and stress defense. Taken together, these new data demonstrate the complex interactions between NO, ROS signalling and the antioxidant system. This Frontiers in Plant Science Research Topic aims to provide an updated and complete overview of this important and rapidly expanding area through original article and detailed reviews.

plant development --- Reactive Oxygen Species --- plant defense --- antioxidant system --- Nitric Oxide --- Biotic and abiotic stress --- signalling