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Re complex as two parallel nationalist movements - one seeking higher Yugoslav unity, the other arguing for the separate political autonomy of ethnic groups - often complemented one another, but at other times were in open conflict. Moreover, the political and territorial ambitions entailed by the various ethnic nationalisms often collided with each other. Eventually, as elsewhere, a marriage of necessity brought the two together. Yugoslav communists had to acknowledge that nationalism was a potent political force. They thus continued searching for a political project that could successfully combine both social and national emancipation in the context of developed and often mutually exclusive national projects of neighbouring groups. In this chapter, I show how the Yugoslav communists 'discovered' the successful federalist formula for the socialist re unification of Yugoslavia after the Second World War as well as how, as with any 'successful' formula, its discovery was preceded by numerous fruitless experiments.

Socialists --- Citizenship

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The introductory chapter explains why Yugoslavia and the post-Yugoslav region, due to frequent constitutional changes, provides such an interesting and insightful example for studying modern politics and it shows why citizenship offers necessary lenses to understand political and social processes. It explains what do we mean by citizenship, in theory and practice, and why we introduce a heuristic concept of citizenship regime that encompasses legal and administrative side of inclusion and exclusion, social and political dynamic of membership and the influence of ideologies and everyday experiences of citizenship. The introduction shows the â citizenship gapâ in the literature covering the former Yugoslavia, the ideological conflicts over the concept and its practices and their inexplicable marginalization in the scholarship focused on the construction and, mostly, destruction of Yugoslavia. It also defines modern citizenship as a tool for various political and social purposes in this region over the last century. A study of transformations of citizenship represents thus an alternative political history of Yugoslavia and the post-Yugoslav states.

Socialists --- Citizenship

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Batı'ya Yön Veren Metinler'in dördüncü ve (şimdilik!) son cildi, on dokuzuncu yüzyıl boyunca liberallerin "bırakınız yapsınlar" sloganında özetlenen politikalarına meydan okuyan bir muhafazakârla başlamaktadır. Ortodoks Hıristiyanlar, Avusturya şansölyesi Prens Metternich, Fransız düşünür Alexis de Tocqueville, İngiliz hukukçu James Fitzjames Stephen gibi ünlü muhafazakârların yanında yer alır. Papa IX. Pius, liberallerin tüm çalışmalarını kınarken, Kardinal Newman liberalizmi, Protestanlığın içini boşaltarak Katolikliğe benzetmekle suçlar. Sosyalistler, liberallere işçi sınıfını istismar ettikleri gerekçesiyle karşıdır; liberal anayasaların kâğıt üzerinde demokratik olmakla birlikte, kapitalist burjuvaziye denetim üstünlüğü veren ortamı yarattığını ileri sürerler.

Liberalism. --- Socialists. --- Humanities.

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In recent years the leader of "Giustizia e Libertà" has been the focus of a renewed and extensive attention. The author reconstructs the itinerary of Carlo Rosselli, conducting the theoretical analysis in the light of the complexity of the historic context. From the years of the Great War to the exile in France, intellectual meditation and political commitment are inextricably entwined threads in the career of the Florentine antifascist. In the attempt to pinpoint the key passages of this unquiet quest, the book traces the stages of an evolving thought. A thought that was matured through critical comparison with liberal theory and Marxist doctrine, found inspiration in English socialism and conceived opposition to the Fascist regime as the grounds for a project of progressive democracy.

History --- Philosophy --- Socialists --- Fascism --- Liberalism

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This biography of Beatriz Allende (1942-1977) - revolutionary doctor and daughter of Chile's socialist president, Salvador Allende - portrays what it means to live, love, and fight for change. Inspired by the Cuban Revolution, Beatriz and her generation drove political campaigns, university reform, public health programs, internationalist guerrilla insurgencies, and government strategies. Centering Beatriz's life within the global contours of the Cold War era, Tanya Harmer exposes the promises and paradoxes of the revolutionary wave that swept through Latin America in the long 1960s. Drawing on exclusive access to Beatriz's private papers, as well as firsthand interviews, Harmer connects the private and political as she reveals the human dimensions of radical upheaval.

Socialists --- Revolutionaries --- Exiles --- Suicide victims --- Allende, Beatriz.