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Submarines (Ships)

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Cruise tourism is expanding everywhere, despite the pandemic; CLIA (2021) reports that, in 2020, the economic damage was around 77 billion dollars, but records a significant increase in travelers who aspire to join a cruise. Cruise ships and their economic impact have been the subject of research for many years and the data, which can be obtained from various sources, denote the importance of this particular sector. Through the MSC case study, this contribution aims to partecipate in the reflection on the theme of sustainability, to look at the possibility of directing cruise tourism towards a new way of introducing Man into the landscape.

Cruise ships.

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The Kyrenia ship, a Greek merchantman built around 315 BC and sunk off the north coast of Cyprus 294-291 BC, was excavated between 1967 and 1972 under the direction of Michael Katzev. The importance of this ship lies in the extraordinary state of preservation of the hull, allowing great insights into ancient shipbuilding, and in the cargo it was carrying. Its hold was full of Rhodian transport amphoras and its cabin pottery was also mostly made on Rhodes, which was probably its home port. Its trade route ran between Rhodes, Cyprus, the Levant, and possibly Egypt. This first of a planned multi-volume publication includes a detailed history of the excavation of the ship, as well as the most important objects for determining the date of its sinking. These include the primary cargo, transport amphorae, with four different types from Rhodes; fewer examples from Samos and the Cyclades (Paros), and possibly northern Greece, Cyprus and the Levant. The Rhodian amphora stamps date the shipwreck to between 294 and 291 BC. The second most-helpful dating material comprises vessels and utensils (cups and saucers, cooking pots and grills, serving bowls and spoons, water jars and pitchers) used by the crew. For most categories, four examples were found, suggesting a crew of four. Scientific analyses show that the majority were again made in Rhodes. Seven bronze coins were recovered, five of which were minted in the name of Alexander the Great and one in the name of Ptolemy I in Cyprus. Together, these objects document not only the date of the sinking but also give evidence of the probable Rhodian home port and trade route of the Kyrenia ship's final voyage.

Ships, Ancient.

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The hydrostatic approach to ship stability aims to balance idealized ship weight against buoyancy forces. This textbook is a complete guide to understanding ship hydrostatics in ship design and ship performance. Adrian Biran guides readers from first principles through basic and applied hydrostatic and ship stability theory, and introduces contemporary mathematical techniques for hydrostatic modelling and analysis. Real life examples of the practical application of hydrostatics are used to explain the theory and calculations; and to illustrate the effect shifting weights and central gravity displacements have on overall ship stability. Ship Hydrostatics and Stability covers recent developments in the field of naval architecture such as parametric resonance (also known as the Mathieu effect), the effects of non-linear motions on stability, the influence of ship lines, and new international stability regulations for small vessels. Extensive use of computer techniques is made throughout and downloadable MATLAB files accompany the book to support readers' own hydrostatic and stability calculations. A revised reprint was published in 2005 that includes tables of terms and indexes in French, German, Italian and Spanish.

Ships --- Stability of ships. --- Ships' stability --- Naval architecture --- Hydrodynamics --- Stability of ships --- Hydrodynamics. --- Dynamics

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Hydrodynamics --- Ships --- Waves --- Hydrodynamics