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The volume Contro Bernardino. Processi al maestro Amedeo Landi is the result of the discovery of unpublished documentation on the trials - only partly known - against the abacus master Amedeo Landi, who taught the Milanese merchants at the Broletto. This is an exceptional case not only because only one witness to the activity of the Milanese inquisitorial court in the Middle Ages (whose documentation has been entirely lost) was known until now, but also because of the role of the ecclesiastical court and its officials. The wealth of information and themes has prompted a team effort by the professors of the Department of Historical Studies to clarify the many aspects (political, religious, economic, documentary) of an event that shows the vitality of 15th-century Milan, in which the protagonist, the teacher Amedeo Landi, in an attempt to protect his students, clashes with the most important preacher of his time, Brother Bernardino of Siena, whose canonisation process is temporarily blocked precisely to shed light on the Milanese episode.
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Quelles sortes de communautés réunissent les hommes ? Comment sont-elles construites ? Où est l'unité, où est la multiplicité de l'humanité ? Les hommes peuvent former des communautés distinctes, antagonistes, s'opposant violemment. La division externe est-elle nécessaire pour bâtir une cohésion interne ? Rien n'est plus actuel que ces questions. Parmi toutes ces formes de dissensions, les études qui composent ce volume s'intéressent à 'hérésie. L'hérésie se caractérise par sa relativité. Nul ne se revendique hérétique, sinon par provocation. Le qualificatif d'hérétique est toujours subi par celui qui le porte et il est toujours porté sur autrui. Cela rend l'hérésie difficilement saisissable si l'on cherche ce qu'elle est en elle-même. Mais le phénomène apparaît avec davantage de clarté si l'on analyse les discours qui l'utilisent. Se dessinent dès lors les représentations qui habitent les auteurs de discours sur l'hérésie et les hérétiques, discours généralement sous-tendus par une revendication à l'orthodoxie. Hérésie et orthodoxie forment ainsi un couple, désuni mais inséparable. Car du point de vue de l'orthodoxie, l'hérésie est un choix erroné, une déviation, voire une déviance.
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The Handbook of Leaving Religion introduces a neglected field of research with the aim to outline previous and contemporary research, and suggest how the topic of leaving religion should be studied in the future. The handbook consists of three sections: 1) Major debates about leaving religion; 2) Case studies and empirical insights; and 3) Theoretical and methodological approaches. Section one provides the reader with an introduction to key terms, historical developments, major controversies and significant cases. Section two includes case studies that illustrate various processes of leaving religion from different perspectives, and each chapter provides new empirical insights. Section three discusses, presents and encourages new approaches to the study of leaving religion.
Apostasy. --- Conversion. --- Apostasy --- Conversion --- Religious conversion --- Psychology, Religious --- Proselytizing --- Offenses against religion --- Heresy --- Religion --- General
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What was witchcraft? Were witches real? How should witches be identified? How should they be judged? Towards the end of the middle ages these were serious and important questions - and completely new. Between 1430 and 1500, a number of learned 'witch-theorists' attempted to provide the answers to such questions, and of these perhaps the most famous are the Dominican inquisitors Heinrich Institoris and Jacob Sprenger, the authors of the Malleus Maleficarum, or The Hammer of Witches. The Malleus is widely recognised as an important medieval text and is frequently quoted by authors across a wide range of scholarly disciplines. Yet as a source the Malleus presents serious difficulties: it is difficult to understand out of context, and cannot be said to be representative of late medieval learned thinking in general. This, the first book-length study of the original text in English, provides students and scholars with an introduction to this controversial work and to the conceptual world of its authors. Like all witch-theorists, Institoris and Sprenger constructed their witch out of a constellation of pre-existing popular beliefs and learned traditions. Therefore, to understand the Malleus, one must also understand the contemporary and subsequent debates over the reality and nature of witches. Ultimately, this book argues that although the Malleus was a highly idiosyncratic text, with a view of witches very different from that of competing authors, its arguments were powerfully compelling and therefore remained influential long after alternatives were forgotten. Consequently, although focused on a single text, this study has important implications for fifteenth-century witchcraft theory. This is a fascinating work on the Malleus and will be essential to students and academics of late medieval and early modern history, religion and witchcraft studies.
Witchcraft --- History --- Institoris, Heinrich, --- Sprenger, Jakob, --- maleficarum --- witchcraft --- witches --- God --- Heresy --- Superstition
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In the nineteenth century, the Russian Empire's Middle Volga region (today's Tatarstan) was the site of a prolonged struggle between Russian Orthodoxy and Islam, each of which sought to solidify its influence among the frontier's mix of Turkic, Finno-Ugric, and Slavic peoples. The immediate catalyst of the events that Agnes Nilufer Kefeli chronicles in Becoming Muslim in Imperial Russia was the collective turn to Islam by many of the region's Krashens, the Muslim and animist Tatars who converted to Russian Orthodoxy between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries.The traditional view holds that the apostates had really been Muslim all along or that their conversions had been forced by the state or undertaken voluntarily as a matter of convenience. In Kefeli's view, this argument vastly oversimplifies the complexity of a region where many participated in the religious cultures of both Islam and Orthodox Christianity and where a vibrant Krashen community has survived to the present. By analyzing Russian, Eurasian, and Central Asian ethnographic, administrative, literary, and missionary sources, Kefeli shows how traditional education, with Sufi mystical components, helped to Islamize Finno-Ugric and Turkic peoples in the Kama-Volga countryside and set the stage for the development of modernist Islam in Russia.Of particular interest is Kefeli's emphasis on the role that Tatar women (both Krashen and Muslim) played as holders and transmitters of Sufi knowledge. Today, she notes, intellectuals and mullahs in Tatarstan seek to revive both Sufi and modernist traditions to counteract new expressions of Islam and promote a purely Tatar Islam aware of its specificity in a post-Christian and secular environment.
Islam --- Apostasy --- History. --- Islam. --- Christianity. --- Apostasy (Islam) --- Takfīr (Islam) --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Offenses against religion --- Heresy --- Kufr (Islam) --- Religions --- Muslims --- History --- islam --- russia --- islamic education --- tsarist russia's middle volga region --- Hadith --- Kazan --- Muhammad --- Sufism --- Tatars
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In the past decade, Pakistan has witnessed incidents such as the public lynching of a student on a university campus, a Christian couple being torched alive, attacks on entire neighbourhoods by angry mobs and the assassination of a provincial governor by his own security guard over allegations of blasphemy.
Religious fundamentalism --- Blasphemy, heresy, apostasy --- Religious intolerance, persecution & conflict --- Christianity --- Christian spirituality & religious experience --- Islam --- Religious life & practice --- Violence in society --- Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography --- Pakistan --- blasphemy --- violence --- religion
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Seit zwei Jahrzehnten lässt sich eine irritierende Wiederkehr des Blasphemievorwurfs beobachten. Man denke etwa an den dänischen Karikaturenstreit oder den Terroranschlag auf Charlie Hebdo 2015 in Paris. Die entsprechenden politischen und juristischen Debatten betreffen gegenwärtig insbesondere Blasphemieparagraphen in den Rechtsordnungen. Doch das Phänomen der Blasphemie ist facettenreicher, als es dabei oft wahrgenommen wird. Denn "Blasphemie" ist kein objektiv vorliegender Tatbestand, sondern entspricht einem komplexen Deutungsmuster, das religionsspezifisch und interreligiös unterschiedliche Ausprägungen erfahren hat. Der vorliegende Sammelband reflektiert das Phänomen der Blasphemie in Geschichte und Gegenwart in einem multiperspektivischen Zugang. Die Thematik wird sowohl im Kontext von Judentum, Christentum, Islam, Hinduismus, Buddhismus als auch im Kontext von Jurisprudenz und Kunst aus der Sicht verschiedener Wissenschaftsdisziplinen analysiert.
Religion / Blasphemy, Heresy & Apostasy --- Religion --- Religion, Primitive --- Atheism --- Irreligion --- Religions --- Theology --- Gotteslästerung --- Religion und Recht --- Religionspolitik --- Religionsbeschimpfung --- Religionsfrieden --- Religion und Staat --- Systematische Theologie --- Religionssoziologie --- Kirchengeschichte --- Säkularität/Säkularismus --- Islamstudien --- Religionen Asiens --- Neues Testament --- Altes Testament --- Praktische Theologie
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Si l’histoire traditionnelle de l’hérésie au Moyen Âge s’est longtemps confondue avec celle des exclus de la société, l’approche récente se focalise davantage sur les diverses autorités qui, au coeur du pouvoir, élaborèrent la norme religieuse : l’hérésie n’existe que parce que l’orthodoxie en a d’abord décidé. Il reste que, loin de se présenter comme une essence immuable, elle s’impose tout au long du Moyen Âge comme un concept et une qualification d’une très grande plasticité. L’extension progressive du domaine de l’hérésie à de nombreuses formes de dissidence finit par lui assurer le statut d’un crime englobant. Cette enquête collective repose sur la conviction que c’est encore en se situant aux marges de l’hérésie, au contact d’activités répréhensibles voisines, telles que l’usure, la sorcellerie ou encore la rébellion politique, que l’on peut le mieux saisir les principes et les mécanismes de la fabrique de l’hérésie.
History of Europe --- Christian church history --- anno 500-1499 --- Christentum. --- Christian heresies --- Christian heresies. --- Heresy --- Heresy. --- Häresie. --- Hérésie. --- Hérésies chrétiennes --- Mittelalter. --- Early church. --- History --- Middle Ages. --- History. --- 30-1500. --- Geschichte 500-1500. --- Europe --- Europe. --- Church history --- Heresie --- Normes sociales --- Social norms --- Dissidents (religion) --- Dissenters, Religious --- Aspect religieux --- Religous aspects --- Politique publique --- Government policy --- Hérésie chrétienne --- --Norme sociale --- --Aspects religieux --- --Dissident, religion --- --Politique publique --- --Moyen âge, --- Journée d’etude --- --Rennes --- --actes --- --Hérésie chrétienne --- --Hérésies chrétiennes --- --Christentum. --- --Christian heresies --- Norme sociale --- Aspects religieux --- Dissident, religion --- Moyen âge, 476-1492 --- Rennes --- Histoire médiévale --- Histoire religieuse
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This book reexamines the origins and growth of the medieval inquisition which provided a framework for the large-scale operations against religious dissidents. In the last quarter of the twelfth century, the papacy launched concerted efforts to hunt out heretics, mostly Cathars and Waldensians, and directed operations against them all across Latin Christendom. The bull of Pope Lucius III Ad abolendam of 1184 became a turning point in the formation of the inquisitorial system which made both the clergy and the laity responsible for suppressing any religious dissent. From a comparative perspective, the study analyzes political, social and religious developments which in the High Middle Ages gave birth to the mechanism of repression and religious violence supervised by the papacy and operated by bishops and, starting from the 1230s, papal inquisitors, extraordinary judges delegate staffed mostly by Dominican and Franciscan friars.
Inquisition. --- Europe --- History --- Inquisition --- Christian heresies --- Holy Office --- Autos-da-fé --- Catholic Church --- Discipline. --- Church history --- Church of Rome --- Roman Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Römische Kirche --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Eglise catholique --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa cattolica --- Iglesia Católica --- Kościół Katolicki --- Katolicki Kościół --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Gereja Katolik --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kanisa Katoliki --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교 --- Heresy --- Heresy trials --- Inquisitorial registers --- Kras --- Medieval Christendom --- Religious violence --- Religious studies --- Catholic Church. --- 600-1500 --- Katolicheskai͡a t͡serkovʹ --- Katolyt͡sʹka t͡serkva
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Dans la période d'extraordinaire effervescence sociale et intellectuelle qu'a été, en Islam, le second siècle de l'Hégire, se détache, quelque peu en marge - et de façon très informelle -, une catégorie particulière de prétendus "mal-pensants", étrangement affublés du sobriquet de zanādiqa, pluriel de zindīq. La question des zanādiqa en pays d'Islam avait déjà fait, comme le rappelle Chokr, l'objet d'un certain nombre de travaux, dont notamment - le tout premier - l'article, justement célèbre, de Georges Vajda. Mais même l'article de Vajda (issu d'un mémoire de l'École Pratique des Hautes Etudes) demeurait très incomplet ; une étude détaillée, systématique, restait à faire. Melhem Chokr a donc entrepris, dans le cadre d'une thèse de doctorat - et à son entière initiative, je tiens à le préciser - de reprendre le dossier à fond, en exploitant au maximum toute la documentation disponible. Il l'a fait avec brio, et une minutie, un souci de ne rien laisser dans l'ombre, qui le conduit même parfois à déborder un tant soit peu son propos, mais dont le lecteur exigeant, je pense, n'aura pas lieu de se plaindre. Me sera-t-il permis d'ajouter ceci? Aujourd'hui, ce n'est pas sans quelque nostalgie que l'on se reporte à ces premiers siècles de l'Hégire, si vivants, marqués par l'extrême diversité des opinions, la hardiesse intellectuelle, une incroyable liberté de propos et de mœurs (en dépit des violences qui s'employaient à la réprimer). Un des intérêts de ce livre, et non le moindre, est de nous rappeler cette époque faste. Daniel GIMARET It is during the second Hegirian century, a period of extraordinary social and intellectual fertility in Islam, that a singular group of allegedly "wrong-thinking" people strangely dubbed with the nickname ofzanādiqa stood on the fringe of society. Yet the question ofzanādiqa in Islam, although the subject of numerous previous works, still remained incomplète. The author, relying on all the available documentation, thus embarked on a ...
Islam. --- Islam --- Zindiq. --- Islamic heresies --- Islamic civilization --- Islamic sects --- Manichaeism --- Hérésies islamiques --- Civilisation islamique --- Sectes islamiques --- Manichéisme --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- islam --- Zindiqs --- Muslim sects --- Sects, Islamic --- Sects, Muslim --- Sects --- Heresies and heretics, Islamic --- Heresies, Islamic --- Muslim heresies --- Heresy --- Kufr (Islam) --- Doctrines --- Heresies, Islamic. --- Islamic civilization. --- Islamic heresies. --- Islamic sects. --- Manichaeism.
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