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The teaching of young children has long been dominated by women. The authors of this groundbreaking book have undertaken the largest, most in-depth study ever carried out on this topic, in order to assess both teachers and students' views.

Sex differences in education.

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This review contributes to a better understanding of the gender wage gap in Germany and puts forward key elements of a policy package to reduce gender pay gaps. It provides a detailed analysis of the role of firms in the gender wage gap by focusing on the pay gap between similarly skilled men and women between and within firms. The within-firm component captures differences in pay between men and women within firms related to differences in tasks and responsibilities, or differences in pay for work of equal value (e.g. bargaining, discrimination). The between-firm component captures the role of differences in pay between firms (unrelated to workforce composition) due to the tendency of women to work in low-wage firms. The review analyses gender differences in job mobility and the earnings consequences of career breaks following childbirth to shed light on the evolution of the gender wage gap across the working life. To put results for Germany in context, they are systematically benchmarked to those of four nearby countries (i.e. Denmark, France, the Netherlands and Sweden). The policy discussion extends the empirical analysis by putting forward a comprehensive policy package with an emphasis on policies targeted at firms.

Wages. --- Sex differences. --- Social issues, migration, health.

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Leitura importante para os interessados nos estudos de gênero, toma como ponto de partida a medicina para discutir a dificuldade de se estabelecer diferenças sexuais. Evidencia-se a maneira com que os discursos médicos lidam com a diferença sexual, mas, ao mesmo tempo, admitem outros fatores, como raça, sexualidade, classe social e influência cultural. A autora utiliza um episódio médico-policial dos arquivos da Faculdade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro que contém acusações de desvirtuamento da conduta feminina e prática de aborto para ressaltar o comportamento feminino esperado pela classe médica e pela sociedade. Este livro mostra o caminho trilhado pela classe médica para criar padrões de comportamento que distinguissem os gêneros, além de acompanhar o surgimento da especialidade médica voltada para o gênero feminino: a ginecologia.

Gynecology --- Medical care --- History --- Sex differences. --- MEDICAL

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OECD countries continue to face persistent gender inequalities in social and economic life. Young women often reach higher levels of education than young men, but remain under-represented in fields with the most lucrative careers. Women spend more time on unpaid work, face a strong motherhood penalty, encounter barriers to entrepreneurship and fare worse in labour markets overall. They are also under-represented in politics and leadership positions in public employment. These elements permeate many policy areas and economic sectors - from international trade and development assistance to energy and the environment - in which policy often lacks a strong gender focus. Violence against women, the most abhorrent manifestation of gender inequality, remains a global crisis. This publication analyses developments and policies for gender equality, such as gender mainstreaming and budgeting, reforms to increase fathers' involvement in parental leave and childcare, pay transparency initiatives to tackle gender pay gaps, and systems to address gender-based violence. It extends the perspective on gender equality to include foreign direct investment, nuclear energy and transport. Advancing gender equality is not just a moral imperative; in times of rapidly ageing populations, low fertility and multiple crises, it will strengthen future gender-equal economic growth and social cohesion.

Gender identity in education. --- Sex differences in education.

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Dans les mondes de la culture, les références sont nombreuses au geste artistique, à la vocation, au travail du corps ainsi qu'au désir. Que ce soit dans le travail des professionnels de l'art (comédiens, scénographes, musiciens, danseurs, plasticiens, designers, etc.), dans celui des médiateurs ou dans l'activité des amateurs, le corps - à la fois sexué et genré - occupe une place centrale, y compris lorsqu'il est absent ou recomposé numériquement via les pseudos et avatars.00Ces mondes qui se veulent à l'avant-garde sur le plan artistique le sont-ils aussi sur le plan du genre, Le talent a t-il un sexe, et si oui, est-il le même dans tous les domaines artistiques et culturels ? Comment expliquer les différences de carrière entre femmes et hommes dans des domaines où seuls le talent et la passion individuelle devraient compter ?00Cet ouvrage rassemble les contributions d'une trentaine de chercheuses et chercheurs des sciences humaines et sociales, qui apportent des éclairages novateurs issus de secteurs aussi variés que ceux de la musique (jazz, rap, musiques de jeux vidéo, etc.), des arts plastiques, du livre ou encore de la danse et de l'artisanat d'art.

Gender identity in art. --- Sex differences in art.