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Anorexia nervosa. --- Eating disorders

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Neuroendocrinology is the discipline that investigates the interplay between the nervous and endocrine systems i.e. the control of endocrine glands by the central and peripheral nervous systems, the action of hormones on nerve cells and the production of hormones by the nervous system. The present Research Topic is a compilation of contributions stemming from the 8th International Congress of Neuroendocrinology (ICN2014) held in Sydney, Australia, that illustrates various facets of current neuroendocrine research.

stress --- Reproduction --- Anorexia Nervosa --- Neuroendocrinology --- Social Behavior --- Oxytocin / vasopressin --- Neuroactive steroids --- circadian rhythms --- energy homeostasis --- Insulin

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The Conference, of which the volume constitutes the Proceedings, represented a significant meeting point between psychological and social research experiences (aimed at outlining behaviours and trends), and aspects of clinical and psychiatric field experience. The topics addressed during the Conference concerned the main atypical eating disorders, including Atypical Anorexia Nervosa, Atypical Bulimia Nervosa and Hyperphagic Behaviours associated with other psychological alterations.

Eating disorders --- Hyperphagia --- Eating Disorders --- Anorexia Nervosa --- Bulimia --- Signs and Symptoms, Digestive --- Mental Disorders --- Signs and Symptoms --- Psychology --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Diseases --- Psicologia --- Psicologia sociale --- Psichiatria --- Alimentazione --- Disturbi alimentari

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Eating disorders (ED) are a group of mental disorders characterized by an altered food intake and the presence of inappropriate behaviors and thoughts about weight and shape. All EDs lead to physical and psychosocial functioning impairments in the patients which, in turn, may contribute to the persistence of the disease. The severity of EDs has been highlighted by their chronicity, medical complications, comorbidity, and high rates of mortality. Therefore, to address this important health issue, the current Special Issue collected 21 articles (i.e., three reviews and 18 research articles) focusing on the most recent and relevant scientific findings regarding advances in ED, such as genetic and epigenetic factors, biomarkers, comorbidity, clinical phenotypes, neurocognition, treatment predictors, and treatment models and therapeutic targets. Altogether, we believe that the articles contained in this Special Issue have largely achieved the initial objective of providing increased knowledge about the pathogenesis, the risk factors, the maintenance factors, and the most appropriate treatments tools for ED.

anorexia nervosa --- cognitive interpersonal model --- severe enduring --- physical activity --- accelerometry --- weight gain --- eating disorders --- malnutrition --- neuroimaging --- fractal dimension --- cortical complexity --- food craving --- food addiction --- emotion regulation --- event related potentials --- EEG --- neurophysiology --- psychopathology --- ASD --- comorbidity --- emotion recognition --- attention --- sensory sensitivity --- autism --- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) --- body mass index --- disordered eating behaviors --- disordered eating cognitions --- polygenic scores --- non-suicidal self-injury --- temperament --- eating disorder --- adolescence --- nocturnal eating syndrome --- sleep-related eating disorder --- parasomnia --- delayed sleep-wake phase --- MUPS --- magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- MRS --- insula --- glutamate --- N-acetylaspartate --- NAA --- epigenetics --- bulimia nervosa --- DNA methylation --- gene-environment interactions --- caloric intake --- refeeding syndrome --- refeeding protocol --- children and adolescents --- parents --- carers --- intervention --- workshop --- online intervention --- alcohol and/or drug abuse --- substance use disorder --- executive functions --- impulsivity --- emotional dysregulation --- deep brain stimulation --- psychosurgery --- clinical trial --- subcallosal cingulate --- nucleus accumbens --- high expressed emotion --- caregivers --- dance students --- disordered eating attitudes --- Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) --- mesomorphy --- ectomorphy --- Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis --- attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder --- ADHD --- longitudinal --- treatment outcome --- dropout --- rTMS --- treatment --- anorexia --- bulimia --- binge eating disorders --- restrictive anorexia nervosa --- weight recovery --- animal models --- acyl-ghrelin --- desacyl-ghrelin --- chronic food restriction --- virtual reality --- fear of gaining weight --- body anxiety --- body image disturbances --- body-related attentional bias --- n/a

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In the computer sciences, virtual reality (VR) is usually described as a set of fancy technologies. However, in medicine and neuroscience, VR is instead defined as an advanced form of human–computer interface that allows the user to interact with and become present in a computer-generated environment. The sense of presence offered by VR makes it a powerful tool for personal change because it offers a world where the individual can stay and live a specific experience. For this reason, the use of VR in mental health shows promise: different types of research support its clinical efficacy for conditions including anxiety disorders, stress-related disorders, obesity and eating disorders, pain management, addiction, and schizophrenia. However, more research is needed to transform VR according to a clinical standard for mental health. This Special Issue aims to present the most recent advances in the mental health applications of VR, as well as their implications for future patient care.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) --- virtual reality --- exposure in virtual reality --- cognitive exposure --- standardized scenario --- personalized scenario --- spatial memory --- episodic memory --- enactment --- memory rehabilitation --- embodied cognition --- aging --- body image disturbances --- body anxiety --- fear of gaining weight --- full body illusion --- body representation --- obesity --- health --- navigation --- neurorehabilitation --- systematic review --- virtual environment --- cognitive and physical rehabilitation --- oldest old person --- Obsessive–compulsive disorders --- multiple errands test --- cognitive assessment --- executive functions --- computational models --- decision tree --- cross-validation --- real phobic images --- anxiety disorders --- specific phobia --- fMRI --- neuroimaging --- anorexia nervosa --- body image distortion --- body dissatisfaction --- embodiment --- interpersonal multisensory stimulation --- pain perception --- telescoped effect --- amputee patients --- emotion regulation --- treatment --- wellbeing intervention --- adults --- distraction systems --- dental anxiety --- pain --- autism spectrum disorder --- body movements --- repetitive behaviors --- machine learning --- dementia --- mild cognitive impairment --- electroencephalogram --- serious game --- Alzheimer disease --- digital biomarker --- hippocampus --- MRI --- cognitive rehabilitation --- computerized assessment --- sense of reality --- hallucinations --- psychosis --- derealization --- n/a --- sense of agency --- metacognition --- stress --- bodily-self --- mental health --- presence --- Obsessive-compulsive disorders