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Photoacoustic (or optoacoustic) imaging, including photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), is an emerging imaging modality with great clinical potential. PAI’s deep tissue penetration and fine spatial resolution also hold great promise for visualizing physiology and pathology at the molecular level. PAI combines optical contrast with ultrasonic resolution, and is capable of imaging at depths of up to 7 cm with a real-time scalable spatial resolution of 10 to 500 µm. PAI has demonstrated applications in brain imaging and cancer imaging, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer etc. This Special Issue focuses on the novel technological developments and pre-clinical and clinical biomedical applications of PAI. Topics include but are not limited to: brain imaging; cancer imaging; image reconstruction; quantitative imaging; light source and delivery for PAI; photoacoustic detectors; nanoparticles designed for PAI; photoacoustic molecular imaging; photoacoustic spectroscopy.

photoacoustic imaging --- tomography --- thermoacoustic --- radio frequency --- image quality assessment --- image formation theory --- image reconstruction techniques --- sparsity --- signal processing --- deconvolution --- empirical mode decomposition --- signal deconvolution --- photoacoustics --- tissue characterization --- absorption --- Photoacoustic Computed Tomography (PACT) --- ring array --- fast imaging --- low cost --- photoacoustic tomography --- full-field detection --- wave equation --- final time inversion --- uniqueness --- stability --- iterative reconstruction --- 3D photoacoustic tomography --- full-view illumination and ultrasound detection --- photoacoustic coplanar --- quartz bowl --- correlation matrix filter --- time reversal operator --- photo-acoustic tomography --- reflection artifacts --- deep learning --- convolutional neural network --- time reversal --- Landweber algorithm --- U-net --- optoacoustic imaging --- respiratory gating --- motion artifacts --- full-ring illumination --- diffused-beam illumination --- point source illumination --- ultrasound tomography (UST) --- photoacoustic tomography (PAT) --- n/a

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Nerve sheath tumors can be a significant cause of morbidity for many patients. These include benign tumors such as schwannomas, diffuse and plexiform neurofibromas, and atypical neurofibromas, as well as the aggressive soft tissue sarcoma known as the malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). Nerve sheath tumors occur sporadically and in the context of the clinical neuro-genetic tumor predisposition syndromes neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and type 2 (NF2). Historically, the mainstay of treatment for nerve sheath tumors has been surgery. However, for both benign and malignant nerve sheath tumors, there is a high recurrence rate, highlighting the pressing need for novel therapies. As we have entered the genomic era, the hope is that an improved understanding of the genetics, and therefore the biology, of these tumors will ultimately lead to therapies that result in better outcomes. In this Special Issue, we include both review articles and original research related to the genomic understanding and modeling of schwannomas, plexiform and diffuse neurofibromas, atypical neurofibromas, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors as well as genomic methods being developed and applied to advance our understanding of these tumors.

neurofibromatosis type 1 --- nerve sheath tumor --- cancer --- latent variables --- machine learning --- supervised learning --- transfer learning --- random forest --- metaVIPER --- tumor deconvolution --- neurofibromatosis --- malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor --- MPNST --- polycomb repressive complex --- PRC2 --- NF1 --- kinase --- kinome adaptation --- kinome reprogramming --- MET --- MEK --- doxorubicin --- capmatinib --- tram --- genomics --- tumor evolution --- pathology --- next generation sequencing --- clinical genetics --- malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors --- plexiform neurofibromas --- Schwann cells --- neurofibromatosis type 1 syndrome --- neurofibromin 1 --- genetically engineered mouse models --- heterogeneity --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- mouse models --- sarcoma --- tumor microenvironment --- neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) --- mebendazole (MBZ) --- COX-2 inhibitor --- malignancy --- chemoprevention --- nerve sheath tumors

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In the field of magnetic sensing, a wide variety of different magnetometer and gradiometer sensor types, as well as the corresponding read-out concepts, are available. Well-established sensor concepts such as Hall sensors and magnetoresistive sensors based on giant magnetoresistances (and many more) have been researched for decades. The development of these types of sensors has reached maturity in many aspects (e.g., performance metrics, reliability, and physical understanding), and these types of sensors are established in a large variety of industrial applications. Magnetic sensors based on the magnetoelectric effect are a relatively new type of magnetic sensor. The potential of magnetoelectric sensors has not yet been fully investigated. Especially in biomedical applications, magnetoelectric sensors show several advantages compared to other concepts for their ability, for example, to operate in magnetically unshielded environments and the absence of required cooling or heating systems. In recent years, research has focused on understanding the different aspects influencing the performance of magnetoelectric sensors. At Kiel University, Germany, the Collaborative Research Center 1261 “Magnetoelectric Sensors: From Composite Materials to Biomagnetic Diagnostics”, funded by the German Research Foundation, has dedicated its work to establishing a fundamental understanding of magnetoelectric sensors and their performance parameters, pushing the performance of magnetoelectric sensors to the limits and establishing full magnetoelectric sensor systems in biological and clinical practice.

delta-E effect --- magnetoelectric --- magnetoelastic --- resonator --- torsion mode --- bending mode --- magnetic modeling --- MEMS --- FEM --- magnetoelectric sensor --- SQUID --- MEG --- deep brain stimulation (DBS) --- directional DBS electrode --- magnetic field measurement --- electrode localization --- rotational orientation detection --- Barkhausen noise --- delay line sensor --- Flicker noise --- Kerr microscopy --- magnetic domain networks --- magnetic field sensor --- magnetic noise --- magnetoelastic delta-E effect --- phase noise --- surface acoustic wave --- localization --- magnetoelectric sensors --- real time --- pose estimation --- magnetoactive elastomer --- piezoelectric polymer --- laminated structure --- cantilever --- direct magnetoelectric effect --- public understanding/outreach --- ME sensors --- medical sensing --- biomagnetic sensing --- interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary --- magnetometer --- sensor array --- exchange bias --- motion tracking --- artificial fields --- surface acoustic waves --- surface acoustic wave sensor --- current sensor --- magnetostriction --- AlScN --- FeCoSiB --- thin film --- magnetron sputter deposition --- ERDA --- XRD --- film stress --- magnetic properties --- magnetic domains --- SAW --- magnetic nanoparticle --- imaging --- inverse problem --- blind deconvolution --- application specific signal evaluation --- quantitative sensor system characterization --- sensor system performance

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Because of its ability to sense the Earth’s surface at night and during the day, under any weather condition, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has become a well-established and powerful remote sensing technology that is used worldwide for numerous applications. This book compiles 19 research works that investigate different aspects of SAR processing, SAR image analysis, and SAR applications. The contributions cover topics related to multi-angle/wide-angle SAR imaging; Doppler parameter estimation; data-driven focusing; Inverse SAR (ISAR) applied to pulsar signal modeling and detection; ground-based SAR; near-field interferometric ISAR; the interaction between SAR signals and the Infosphere; SAR interferometry for ground displacement monitoring, feature extraction, and change detection; and SAR-based sea applications. The selected studies represent real examples of the abundant research ongoing in the field of SAR processing and applications, and they further demonstrate that SAR imaging still presents considerable opportunities for future investigation.

joint sparse reconstruction --- interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar --- compressed sensing --- near-field 3-D imaging --- wide angle --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- convolutional neural networks (CNNs) --- deep learning (DL) --- ship classification --- Doppler parameter estimation and compensation (DPEC) --- extended multiple aperture mapdrift (EMAM) --- very-high-squint airborne SAR imaging --- spatial variance --- the derivative of the Doppler rate --- GB-SAR --- MIMO radar --- radar imaging --- CSAR --- anisotropy --- aspect entropy --- discrimination --- wide angle SAR --- LS-CS-Residual --- aspect dependent --- polarimetric synthetic aperture radar --- total electron content --- ionospheric electron density distribution --- land subsidence --- Radarsat-2 images --- small baseline subset (SBAS) method --- interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) --- inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) --- moving ship --- refocusing --- fast minimum entropy --- oceanic eddies --- shear-wave-generated eddies --- burgers-Rott vortex model --- SAR image simulation --- SAR system --- efficient focusing of SAR data --- inverse problem --- remote sensing --- SAR data-focusing --- synthetic aperture radar --- Singular Value Decomposition --- blind deconvolution --- signal processing --- parameter estimation --- computational modeling --- SAR imaging --- multi-angle SAR --- improved RMA --- SAR image fusion --- wide-area surveillance --- super-resolution --- Doppler beam sharpening --- ionosphere --- P-band --- reverse back-projection (ReBP) --- sliding spotlight --- scintillation --- SAR --- 2CMV --- change detection --- optical flow --- k-means --- K-SVD --- multi-pass squinted (MPS) --- azimuth sidelobes suppression --- ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GBSAR) --- arc-scanning synthetic aperture radar (ArcSAR) --- interferometric ArcSAR --- DEM assisted SAR imaging --- deformation model --- time series deformation --- rheological parameter --- highway --- passive ISAR asteroid imaging --- pulsar emission signal modeling --- multi-angle/wide angle SAR --- inverse SAR --- ground-based SAR --- ionospheric effects --- SAR interferometry --- SAR image analysis --- SAR image change detection --- SAR sea applications

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The book has 25 articles about the status and new directions in forensic genetics. Approximately half of the articles are invited reviews, and the remaining articles deal with new forensic genetic methods. The articles cover aspects such as sampling DNA evidence at the scene of a crime; DNA transfer when handling evidence material and how to avoid DNA contamination of items, laboratory, etc.; identification of body fluids and tissues with RNA; forensic microbiome analysis with molecular biology methods as a supplement to the examination of human DNA; forensic DNA phenotyping for predicting visible traits such as eye, hair, and skin colour; new ancestry informative DNA markers for estimating ethnic origin; new genetic genealogy methods for identifying distant relatives that cannot be identified with conventional forensic DNA typing; sensitive DNA methods, including single-cell DNA analysis and other highly specialised and sensitive methods to examine ancient DNA from unidentified victims of war; forensic animal genetics; genetics of visible traits in dogs; statistical tools for interpreting forensic DNA analyses, including the most used IT tools for forensic STR-typing and DNA sequencing; haploid markers (Y-chromosome and mitochondria DNA); inference of ethnic origin; a comprehensive logical framework for the interpretation of forensic genetic DNA data; and an overview of the ethical aspects of modern forensic genetics.

TaqMan SNP genotyping --- OpenArray™ system --- forensic DNA phenotyping --- forensic DNA typing --- animal forensics --- wildlife forensics --- cat STRs --- dog STRs --- cyt b --- COI --- biogeographic ancestry --- pigmentation --- skin color --- externally visible characteristics --- forensic genetics --- eye colour --- rs12913832 --- DNA phenotyping --- domestic dog (Canis familiaris) --- canine DNA phenotyping --- forensic --- proof of concept study --- evidence --- Y-STR --- mtDNA --- mitochondria --- bio-geographical ancestry --- massively parallel sequencing --- ancestry informative markers --- SNPs --- 1000 Genomes --- Human Origins SNP array --- FDP --- HIrisPlex-S --- DEPArray --- ancestry prediction --- phenotype prediction --- next-generation sequencing --- single-cell genomics --- single-cell sequencing --- mixture deconvolution --- low template DNA --- ltDNA --- probabilistic genotyping --- EuroForMix --- DNAStatistX --- STRmixTM --- DNA forensics --- DNA mixture --- mixture interpretation --- single-cell --- clustering algorithm --- number of contributors --- consensus profile --- cross-amplification --- microsatellites --- Strigiformes --- illegal trade --- kinship --- nocturnal raptors --- review --- body fluid --- organ --- tissue --- identification --- mRNA --- DNA methylation --- activity level --- massively parallel sequencing (MPS) --- next-generation sequencing (NGS) --- short tandem repeat (STR) --- sequence analysis --- software --- DNA transfer --- DNA persistence --- DNA prevalence --- DNA recovery --- activity level evaluation --- forensic science --- ethics --- ethics as lived practice --- decision-making --- genetic databasing --- forensic genealogy --- forensic epigenetics --- communication --- database --- SNP --- next generation sequencing --- hybridization capture --- bone --- transfer --- persistence --- activity --- Bayesian networks --- burglary --- CODIS --- touch DNA --- crime scene --- authorized --- sampling --- short tandem repeat --- forensic microbiology --- microbiome --- physical appearance --- human genome variation --- DNA-based prediction --- investigative leads --- forensic DNA intelligence --- forensic genomics --- degraded DNA --- mitochondrial DNA --- forensic DNA profiling --- ancient DNA --- human identification --- ancestry --- biostatistics --- clustering --- classification --- distance based --- likehood --- hypothesis tests --- DNA molecules --- decontamination --- cleaning strategies --- Romanov family --- next generation sequencing (NGS) --- heteroplasmy --- single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) --- kinship analyses --- biological sexing --- DNA --- principles of interpretation --- investigative --- evaluative --- reporting --- LR --- propositions --- activity issues