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ISBN: 9782889195732 Year: 2015 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
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Women drinking during pregnancy can result in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), which features neurodevelopmental deficit, facial dysmorphology, growth retardation, and learning disability. Research suggests the human brain is precisely shaped through an intrinsic, genetic-cellular expression that is orchestrated further upstream by an epigenetic program. This program can be influenced by environmental inputs such as alcohol. Current research suggests the genetic and epigenetics of FASD are becoming intertwined and inseparable. Now is the time for investigators to combine genetic, genomic and epigenetic alcohol research into an accessible, online platform discussion. Genetic analyses inform gene sets vulnerable to alcohol exposure during early neurulation. Prenatal alcohol exposure alters expression of gene subsets, including genes involved in neural specification, hematopoiesis, methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone variants, eye and heart development. Recently, quantitative map locusing (QTLs) that mediate alcohol-induced phenotype were identified between two mouse strains. Another question is -- besides amount, dose, and stage of alcohol exposure, why only 5% of women drinking have a newborn with FAS? Studies are also ongoing to answer this question by characterizing genome-wide expression, allele-specific expression (ASE), gene polymorphisms (SNPs) and maternal genetic factors that influence alcohol vulnerability. Alcohol exposure during pregnancy, which can lead to FASD, has been used as a model to resolve the epigenetic pathway between environment and phenotype. Epigenetics modifies genetic outputs through alteration of 3D chromatin structure and accessibility of transcriptional machinery. Several laboratories have reported altered epigenetics, including DNA methylation and histone modification, in multiple models of FASD. During development DNA methylation is dynamic, yet orchestrated as methylation progresses in a precise spatiotemporal manner during neurulation and coincides with neural differentiation. Alcohol can directly influence epigenetics through alterations of the methionine pathway and subsequent DNA or histone methylation/acetylation. Alcohol also alters noncoding RNA including miRNA and transposable elements (TEs). Evidence suggests that miRNA expression may mediate ethanol teratology, and TEs may be affected by alcohol through altering DNA methylation at LTR. In this manner epigenetic and genetics of FASD are becoming mechanistically intertwined. Can alcohol-induced epigenomic alterations be passed through generations? Early epidemiological studies revealed infants with FASD-like features in the absence of maternal alcohol, where the fathers were alcoholics. Novel mechanisms for alcohol-induced phenotypes include altered sperm DNA methylation, hypomethylated paternal allele and heritable epimutation. These studies predict heritability of alcohol-induced epigenetic abnormalities and gene functionality across generations.
Substance Abuse --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Pregnant women --- Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders --- Children of prenatal alcohol abuse. --- Alcohol use. --- Evaluation. --- Children exposed prenatally to alcohol --- Children exposed to prenatal alcohol abuse --- Prenatal alcohol abuse victims --- Alcoholism in pregnancy --- Alcohol-related birth defects --- Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders --- FASDs (Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders) --- Fetal alcohol syndrome --- Neurodevelopmental disorders, Alcohol-related --- Abnormalities, Human --- Fetus --- Syndromes --- Children of prenatal alcohol abuse --- Complications --- Diseases --- DNA Methylation --- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome --- histone modification --- Epigenetic medicine --- Genomics --- Alcoholism --- transgenerational --- Pregnancy drinking --- FASD --- Gene environmental interaction
Periodical
ISSN: 19257066 Year: 2012 Publisher: Columbus, OH : Published on behalf of theKettil Bruun Society for Social and Epidemiological Research on Alcohol (KBS),
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Alcoholism --- Substance-Related Disorders --- Substance abuse --- Alcoolisme --- Polytoxicomanie --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Alcoholism. --- Substance abuse. --- Substance-Related Disorders. --- Substance Addiction --- Drug Abuse --- Drug Addiction --- Drug Dependence --- Drug Habituation --- Drug Use Disorders --- Organic Mental Disorders, Substance-Induced --- Substance Abuse --- Substance Dependence --- Substance Use Disorders --- Abuse, Drug --- Abuse, Substance --- Abuses, Substance --- Addiction, Drug --- Addiction, Substance --- Dependence, Drug --- Dependence, Substance --- Disorder, Drug Use --- Disorder, Substance Use --- Drug Use Disorder --- Habituation, Drug --- Organic Mental Disorders, Substance Induced --- Substance Abuses --- Substance Use Disorder --- Alcohol Addiction --- Alcohol Dependence --- Alcohol Abuse --- Alcoholic Intoxication, Chronic --- Abuse, Alcohol --- Addiction, Alcohol --- Chronic Alcoholic Intoxication --- Dependence, Alcohol --- Intoxication, Chronic Alcoholic --- Abuse of substances --- Addictive behavior --- Chemical dependence --- Chemical dependency --- Substance addiction --- Substance dependence --- Substance-related disorders --- Substance use disorders --- Addiction to alcohol --- Alcohol abuse --- Alcohol intoxication --- Dipsomania --- Drinking problem --- Drunkenness --- Inebriety --- Intemperance --- Intoxication --- Jellinek's disease --- Liquor problem --- alcohol --- drug --- social --- research --- epidemiology --- Prescription Drug Abuse --- Abuse, Prescription Drug --- Drug Abuse, Prescription --- Drug and Narcotic Control --- Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders --- Psychoses, Alcoholic --- Social Problems --- Street Drugs --- Designer Drugs --- Behavior, Addictive --- Codependency (Psychology) --- Alcohol-Related Disorders --- Prescription Drug Misuse --- Alcohol Use Disorder --- Alcohol Use Disorders --- Use Disorder, Alcohol --- Use Disorders, Alcohol --- Blood Alcohol Content --- Alcohol Drinking --- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders --- Psychology, Pathological --- Temperance --- Controlled drinking --- Drinking of alcoholic beverages --- Illicit Drugs --- Codependency, Psychological --- Internal Medicine --- Chemical Dependence --- Substance Use --- Chemical Dependences --- Dependence, Chemical --- Dependences, Chemical --- Substance Uses --- Use, Substance --- Ethanol Abuse --- Abuse, Ethanol --- Substance Related Disorder --- Disorder, Substance Related --- Disorders, Substance Related --- Related Disorder, Substance --- Related Disorders, Substance --- Intoxication, Alcohol
Periodical
ISSN: 18790046 03768716 Year: 1975 Publisher: [Oxford] : Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Ltd. Elsevier
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Substance-Related Disorders --- Alcoholism --- Drug abuse --- Alcoholism. --- Substance-Related Disorders. --- Toxicomanie --- Alcoolisme --- Drug abuse. --- Périodiques. --- Drug use --- Recreational drug use --- Substance Addiction --- Drug Abuse --- Drug Addiction --- Drug Dependence --- Drug Habituation --- Drug Use Disorders --- Organic Mental Disorders, Substance-Induced --- Substance Abuse --- Substance Dependence --- Substance Use Disorders --- Abuse, Drug --- Abuse, Substance --- Abuses, Substance --- Addiction, Drug --- Addiction, Substance --- Dependence, Drug --- Dependence, Substance --- Disorder, Drug Use --- Disorder, Substance Use --- Drug Use Disorder --- Habituation, Drug --- Organic Mental Disorders, Substance Induced --- Substance Abuses --- Substance Use Disorder --- Alcohol Addiction --- Alcohol Dependence --- Alcohol Abuse --- Alcoholic Intoxication, Chronic --- Abuse, Alcohol --- Addiction, Alcohol --- Chronic Alcoholic Intoxication --- Dependence, Alcohol --- Intoxication, Chronic Alcoholic --- Addiction to alcohol --- Alcohol abuse --- Alcohol intoxication --- Dipsomania --- Drinking problem --- Drunkenness --- Inebriety --- Intemperance --- Intoxication --- Jellinek's disease --- Liquor problem --- periodicals. --- Substance abuse --- Prescription Drug Abuse --- Abuse, Prescription Drug --- Drug Abuse, Prescription --- Drug and Narcotic Control --- Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders --- Psychoses, Alcoholic --- Social Problems --- Street Drugs --- Designer Drugs --- Behavior, Addictive --- Codependency (Psychology) --- Alcohol-Related Disorders --- Prescription Drug Misuse --- Alcohol Use Disorder --- Alcohol Use Disorders --- Use Disorder, Alcohol --- Use Disorders, Alcohol --- Blood Alcohol Content --- Alcohol Drinking --- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders --- Temperance --- Controlled drinking --- Drinking of alcoholic beverages --- Illicit Drugs --- Codependency, Psychological --- Chemical Dependence --- Substance Use --- Chemical Dependences --- Dependence, Chemical --- Dependences, Chemical --- Substance Uses --- Use, Substance --- Ethanol Abuse --- Abuse, Ethanol --- Substance Related Disorder --- Disorder, Substance Related --- Disorders, Substance Related --- Related Disorder, Substance --- Related Disorders, Substance --- Alcoolisme. --- Toxicomanie. --- alcoholism. --- Periodicals. --- Intoxication, Alcohol
Periodical
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substance use disorders --- addiction --- drug dependence --- alcohol dependence --- cigarette smoking --- neuroscience of addiction --- Drug abuse --- Alcoholism --- Alcoholism. --- Toxicomanie --- Alcoolisme --- Alcoolisme. --- Toxicomanie. --- alcoholism. --- Drug abuse. --- Drug use --- Substance abuse --- Addiction to alcohol --- Alcohol abuse --- Alcohol intoxication --- Dipsomania --- Drinking problem --- Drunkenness --- Inebriety --- Intemperance --- Intoxication --- Jellinek's disease --- Liquor problem --- Temperance --- Controlled drinking --- Drinking of alcoholic beverages --- Substance-Related Disorders --- Alcohol Addiction --- Alcohol Dependence --- Alcohol Use Disorder --- Alcohol Abuse --- Alcoholic Intoxication, Chronic --- Ethanol Abuse --- Abuse, Alcohol --- Abuse, Ethanol --- Addiction, Alcohol --- Alcohol Use Disorders --- Chronic Alcoholic Intoxication --- Dependence, Alcohol --- Intoxication, Chronic Alcoholic --- Use Disorders, Alcohol --- Blood Alcohol Content --- Alcohol Drinking --- Social Problems --- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders --- Prescription Drug Abuse --- Substance Addiction --- Chemical Dependence --- Drug Abuse --- Drug Addiction --- Drug Dependence --- Drug Habituation --- Drug Use Disorder --- Drug Use Disorders --- Organic Mental Disorders, Substance-Induced --- Substance Abuse --- Substance Dependence --- Substance Related Disorder --- Substance Use --- Substance Use Disorder --- Substance Use Disorders --- Abuse, Drug --- Abuse, Prescription Drug --- Abuse, Substance --- Addiction, Drug --- Addiction, Substance --- Chemical Dependences --- Dependence, Chemical --- Dependence, Drug --- Dependence, Substance --- Dependences, Chemical --- Disorder, Drug Use --- Disorder, Substance Related --- Disorder, Substance Use --- Disorders, Substance Related --- Drug Abuse, Prescription --- Habituation, Drug --- Organic Mental Disorders, Substance Induced --- Related Disorder, Substance --- Related Disorders, Substance --- Substance Abuses --- Substance Uses --- Use, Substance --- Drug and Narcotic Control --- Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders --- Psychoses, Alcoholic --- Illicit Drugs --- Designer Drugs --- Behavior, Addictive --- Codependency, Psychological --- Alcohol-Related Disorders --- Prescription Drug Misuse --- Intoxication, Alcohol
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