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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

allergy --- breast milk --- Cytokines --- Fatty Acids --- human milk --- human milk oligosaccharides --- microbiota --- Milk fat globule

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This Nutrients Special Issue focuses on neonatal nutritional advances for inflammatory disorders affecting infants such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Nutrition can significantly impact the development of certain diseases that afflict infants. This Special Issue aims to bring together the latest research on the role of nutrition in preventing or impacting neonatal disorders. Specifically, this Special Issue focuses on the role of breast milk or donor breast milk and the various components in milk that have been demonstrated to protect against NEC and other inflammatory diseases. This issue provides a comprehensive composite of the advances in nutritional strategies that can modulate or prevent neonatal intestinal disorders.

donor breast milk --- human milk --- milk analysis --- very low birth weight --- preterm --- growth --- preterm infant --- donor human milk --- formula feeding --- breastfeeding --- necrotizing enterocolitis --- breast milk --- prematurity --- immunity --- newborn --- inflammation --- colostrum administration --- premature neonates --- clinical outcomes --- intestinal resection --- short bowel syndrome --- intestinal adaptation --- microbiome --- parenteral nutrition --- hormones --- milk fat globule --- long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids --- premature infants --- neonatal --- intestine --- glycosaminoglycans --- intestinal inflammation --- bioactive --- donor milk --- gastroschisis --- intestinal atresia --- human milk fortifier --- patient empowerment --- neonatal nutrition --- communication --- product labeling --- NICU parent --- extracellular vesicle --- exosome --- immature intestine --- formula --- osmolality --- breastmilk --- late onset sepsis --- bloodstream infections --- enteric pathogens --- human milk banks --- NEC --- meta-analysis --- breast-feeding --- spontaneous intestinal perforation --- feeding --- nutrition

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Human milk is uniquely tailored to meet infants’ specific nutritional requirements. However, it is more than just “milk”. This dynamic and bioactive fluid allows mother–infant signalling over lactation, guiding the infant in the developmental and physiological processes. It exerts protection and life-long biological effects, playing a crucial role in promoting healthy growth and optimal cognitive development. The latest scientific advances have provided insight into different components of human milk and their dynamic changes over time. However, the complexity of human milk composition and the synergistic mechanisms responsible for its beneficial health effects have not yet been unravelled. Filling this knowledge gap will shed light on the biology of the developing infant and will contribute to the optimization of infant feeding, particularly that of the most vulnerable infants. Greater understanding of human milk will also help in elucidating the best strategies for its storage and handling. The increasing knowledge on human milk’s bioactive compounds together with the rapidly-advancing technological achievements will greatly enhance their use as prophylactic or therapeutic agents. The current Special Issue aims to welcome original works and literature reviews further exploring the complexity of human milk composition, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects associated with breastfeeding, and the factors and determinants involved in lactation, including its promotion and support.

high pressure processing --- n/a --- lipids --- supplementation --- protective factors --- infant --- carbohydrate --- mothers --- antioxidant capacity --- protein --- fat --- cytokines --- bioactive factors --- late preterm --- zinc --- infants --- docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) --- pregnancy --- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) --- Lipidomics --- magnesium --- omega-3 fatty acids --- vitamin D deficiency --- flow injection analysis --- human milk benefits --- multiple source method --- 3?-sialyllactose (3?SL) --- milk banking --- milk group --- pasteurization --- video instruction --- Milk Fat Globule Membrane --- bile salt stimulated lipase --- breastfeeding difficulties --- breastfeeding support --- prematurity --- carotenoids --- hormones --- phosphocholine --- amino acids --- targeted metabolomics --- high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) --- choline --- selenium --- ?-linolenic acid --- arachidonic acid (ARA) --- docosahexaenoic acid --- human milk fortification --- protease inhibitors --- celiac disease --- copper --- term --- adipokines --- iodine --- mammary gland --- nutritional status --- food frequency questionnaire --- neonate --- early breastfeeding cessation --- prospective study --- breastfeeding --- mothers’ own milk --- disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) --- country --- lactating women --- undernourishment --- proteases --- preterm --- expressing --- dietary assessment --- retinol --- body composition --- duration of lactation --- passive immunization --- 2?-fucosyllactose (2?FL) --- phosphorus --- clinical trial --- growth factors --- infant formula --- digestive tract --- human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) --- sodium --- nutrition --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- lipid metabolites --- lactation --- nervonic acid --- ?-tocopherol --- macronutrients --- glycoprotein --- term infant --- term infants --- maternal diet --- promotion of breastfeeding --- potassium --- antioxidants --- maternal immunoglobulins --- Human Milk --- human milk --- Phospholipids --- flu vaccine --- lactational stage --- lactose --- storage --- dietary intake --- Preterm infant --- immune-active proteins --- colostrum --- human milk fat --- inadequate intake --- milk therapy --- endogenous peptide --- calcium --- fatty acids --- breast milk --- pumping --- secretor --- LC-MS --- n-9 fatty acid --- Lewis --- donor human milk --- antenatal --- online --- iron --- growth --- donor milk --- mothers' own milk

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The goal of this Special Issue, “Probiotics and Prebiotics in Pediatrics”, is to focus on the importance of pediatric nutrition with probiotics and prebiotics to improve gastrointestinal health in newborn, infants, and children.Specifically, the aim is to clarify if probiotics and prebiotics can influence gut microbiota composition and host-interaction favoring human health and preventing diseases.This new information will provide health care professionals with a widespread, clear and update evidence on probiotics and prebiotics and intestinal gut microbiota in pediatric care.

non-IgE mediated allergy --- n/a --- randomized controlled trials --- infant --- “Probiotics”[Mesh] --- children --- safety --- therapeutic microbiology --- zinc --- prevention --- Lactobacillus --- cow’s milk protein --- constipation --- hepcidin --- infants --- Bifidobacterium --- Bifidobacterium breve --- allergy --- asthma --- functional abdominal pain disorders --- probiotic strain --- formula feeding --- probiotic --- nutritional programming --- 2?-fucosyllactose --- “Pregnancy”[Mesh] --- colic --- iron absorption --- bifidobacteria --- Newborn”[Mesh] --- breast feeding --- neonatal --- diversity --- acute diarrhea --- celiac disease --- human milk oligosaccharide --- acute gastroenteritis --- human milk oligosaccharides --- tolerance acquisition --- iron deficiency anemia --- infantile colic --- Lacto-N-neotetraose --- gluten free diet --- oligosaccharides --- preterm --- preterm infant --- microbial programming --- paediatrics --- Lactobacillus reuteri --- functional constipation --- protein hydrolyzed formulas --- oral rehydration solution --- gluten-free diet --- infant formula --- prebiotic --- Childhood Asthma Control Test --- microbiome --- intestinal transit time --- prebiotics --- sepsis --- probiotics --- microbiota --- “Infant --- lactobacilli --- human milk --- functional gastrointestinal disorders --- inulin --- fecal microbiota --- Bacillus clausii --- peak expiratory flow rate --- breast milk --- immunoglobulin E --- efficacy --- intestinal microbiota --- necrotizing enterocolitis --- pediatrics --- growth --- "Probiotics"[Mesh] --- cow's milk protein --- "Pregnancy"[Mesh] --- Newborn"[Mesh] --- "Infant

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Rheology, defined as the science of deformation and flow of matter, is a multidisciplinary scientific field, covering both fundamental and applied approaches. The study of rheology includes both experimental and computational methods, which are not mutually exclusive. Its practical importance embraces many processes, from daily life, like preparing mayonnaise or spreading an ointment or shampooing, to industrial processes like polymer processing and oil extraction, among several others. Practical applications include also formulations and product development. Following a successful first volume, we are now launching this second volume to continue to present the latest advances in the fields of experimental and computational rheology applied to the most diverse classes of materials (foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, polymers and biopolymers, multiphasic systems, and composites) and processes.

graphene oxide --- polyethylene glycol --- rheological characterization --- human milk --- tube feeding --- breastfeeding --- viscosity --- complex modulus --- density --- rheological measurements --- non-viscometric geometries --- Couette analogy --- shear thinning fluids --- suspensions --- bread --- whey --- complex fluids --- experimental rheology --- breadmaking --- yield stress --- grout --- polypropylene fiber --- masonry --- consolidation --- rheology --- drop impact --- elasto-viscoplastic material --- free surface --- gravitational effects --- MRSA --- S. aureus --- antibiotics --- oxacillin --- bactericidal --- injection molding --- filling stage --- Cross-WLF model --- Tait model --- finite volume method --- openInjMoldSim --- OpenFOAM® --- Boger fluids --- circular contraction flow --- lip vortex --- pressure-drops --- vortex-enhancement --- first normal-stress difference --- swIM model --- reactive extrusion --- data-driven --- machine learning --- artificial engineering --- polymer processing --- digital twin --- n/a