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Laotians --- Laos --- Laos.

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This study treats ecotourism in National Protected Areas of Lao PDR as a “recreational frontier” which instrumentalizes the recreation of human natures in capitalism’s centers for that of nonhuman natures at capitalism’s (closing) frontiers. This world-ecological practice of ecorational instrumentality – i.e. of nature domination in the name of “Nature” – presents a remedy for capitalism’s crisis that is itself crisis-ridden, enacting a central tension of ecocapitalism: that between “conservation” and “development”. This epistemic-institutional tension is traced through the preconditions, modes and effects of ecotourism in Laos by gradually zooming from the most general scale of societal nature relations into the most detailed intricacies of ecotouristic practice. The combination of Bourdieu, Marx and Critical Theory enables a systematic analysis of the recreational frontier as enactment of various contradictions deriving from the “false-and-real” Nature/Society dualism.

Ecotourism --- Nature conservation --- Natural areas --- Laos --- ecotourism --- recreation --- ecocapitalism --- Capitalism --- Tourism

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En ce début de XXIe siècle, comment apprécier la place du Laos en Asie du Sud-Est ? L'État tampon de la guerre froide saura-t-il exploiter sa position centrale dans la péninsule Indochinoise, à la porte de l'immense nation chinoise, pour s'imposer comme un pays charnière ? Le programme de développement du Grand Mékong l'aidera-t-il à se désenclaver ? Son adhésion à l'Asean lui permettra-t-elle d'affirmer son identité, de s'affranchir des relations parfois difficiles qu'il entretient toujours avec le Viêt Nam ou la Thaïlande ? Pourra-t-il à la fois rattraper son retard économique et technologique vis-à-vis de ses voisins et gérer sa différence politique ? Enfin, et ce n'est pas le moindre défi, comment la société laotienne s'adaptera-t-elle à tous ces bouleversements ? Autant de questions qui se posent à ce pays en pleine mutation. À travers cet ouvrage, Vatthana Pholsena et Ruth Banomyong nous emmènent à la découverte du Laos d'aujourd'hui et font émerger les enjeux et mécanismes de son intégration régionale.

Laos --- History --- International Relations --- economics --- Southeast Asia --- development --- regional integration --- transnational --- développement --- économie --- Asie du Sud-Est --- intégration régionale --- Asean --- dynamiques transnationales

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Faced with a steadily worsening economy, the government of the Lao Peoples Democratic Republic took its first steps toward reforming its centrally planned economy in December 1979. The reform process gathered momentum with the introduction of the New Economic Mechanism in 1985, as the authorities began a series of far-reaching policy reforms in virtually all economic areas. This paper provides a much-needed overview of the Lao P.D.R.'s experience with systemic transformation and macroeconomic adjustments in recent years and highlights challenges that the country is likely to face in the coming years.

International finance --- Laos --- Economic stabilization --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- Economic policy --- -Economic stabilization --- -338.22 <598> --- laos --- politique economique --- LA / Laos --- 331.31 --- 331.30 --- 331.33 --- 330.05 --- 330.9594 --- Adjustment, Economic --- Business stabilization --- Economic adjustment --- Stabilization, Economic --- Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--Laos --- economisch beleid --- Economisch beleid. --- Economische toestand. --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik. --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Working papers --- -Laos --- 338.22 <598> Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--Laos --- -Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- 338.22 <598> --- Economische toestand --- Economisch beleid --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik --- Lao People's Democratic Republic --- Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxôn Lao --- People's Democratic Republic of Laos --- République démocratique populaire Lao --- Lao PDR --- Lao-Issara --- Laosskai︠a︡ Narodno-Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Sāthālanalat Pasāthipatai Pasāson Lāo --- Phrarātsaʻānāchak Lāo --- LNDR --- Lanxang --- Lan Xang --- Lan Sang --- Lan Chang --- ʻĀnāchak Lāo --- RDP lao --- Sō̜. Pō̜. Pō̜. Lāo --- Sō̜pō̜pō̜ Lāo --- Lao P.D.R. --- Saathiaranarath Prachhathipatay Prachhachhon Lao --- Cộng hòa dân chủ nhân dân Lào --- Royaume du Laos --- French Indochina --- RDP Lao --- Economic stabilization - Laos --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) - Laos --- Laos - Economic policy --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Trade: General --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions --- Privatization --- Contracting Out --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Banking --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Finance --- Commercial banks --- Foreign direct investment --- Exports --- Financial institutions --- Balance of payments --- Economic sectors --- International trade --- Credit --- Money --- Imports --- Banks and banking --- Investments, Foreign

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This paper on the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) on the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) explains macroeconomic, structural, and social policies in support of growth and poverty reduction, as well as associated external financing needs and major sources of financing. The Lao PDR’s long-term national development goal is to be achieved through sustained equitable economic growth and social development, while safeguarding the country’s social, cultural, economic, and political identity. The government’s sustained effort to eradicate poverty will become a mass mobilization exercise, empowering local communities and providing a coherent framework for mutually supportive actions by all stakeholders.

Poverty --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Laos --- Lao People's Democratic Republic --- Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxôn Lao --- People's Democratic Republic of Laos --- République démocratique populaire Lao --- Lao PDR --- Lao-Issara --- Laosskai︠a︡ Narodno-Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Sāthālanalat Pasāthipatai Pasāson Lāo --- Phrarātsaʻānāchak Lāo --- LNDR --- Lanxang --- Lan Xang --- Lan Sang --- Lan Chang --- ʻĀnāchak Lāo --- RDP lao --- Sō̜. Pō̜. Pō̜. Lāo --- Sō̜pō̜pō̜ Lāo --- Lao P.D.R. --- Saathiaranarath Prachhathipatay Prachhachhon Lao --- Cộng hòa dân chủ nhân dân Lào --- Royaume du Laos --- French Indochina --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- RDP Lao --- Social Services and Welfare --- Demography --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Education: General --- Health: General --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Demographic Economics: General --- Education --- Health economics --- Poverty & precarity --- Social welfare & social services --- Population & demography --- Health --- Poverty reduction --- Population and demographics --- Population