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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

plant development --- root system architecture --- lateral root --- pericycle --- branching --- morphogenesis

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The fruit is an important plant structure. Not only does it provide a suitable environment for seeds to develop and serve as a vehicle for seed disposal, but it is also an indispensable part of the human diet. Despite its agronomic and nutritional value and centuries of intensive genetic selection, little is known about the molecular mechanism of its development or the evolution of its diverse forms. The last few years have witnessed a surge of investigations on the early stages of fruit development propelled by the advancement of high throughput sequencing technology, genome sequencing of fruit bearing species, and detailed molecular insights based on studies of model organisms. This research topic is focused on early stage fruit development that ranges from pre-fertilization patterning of the female ovary through post-fertilization fruit initiation and growth. Provided by the renowned experts in the field, these papers are intended to highlight recent progress and shed light on different aspects of fruit development from structure, function, to molecular genetics, and evolution.

Morphogenesis --- fruit evolution --- endocarp --- auxin --- carpel margin meristem --- Ovule --- gynoecium --- Cytokinin

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Plant architecture is a major determinant of the resource use efficiency of crops. The architecture of a plant shows ontogenetic structural changes which are modified by multiple environmental factors: Plant canopies are exposed to natural fluctuations in light quantity and the dynamically changing canopy architecture induces local variations in light quality. Changing temperature conditions or water availability during growth additionally affect plant architecture and thus crop productivity, because plants have various options to adapt their architecture to the available resources. Meeting the challenge of ensuring food security we must understand the plant’s mechanisms for integrating and responding to an orchestra of environmental factors. ‘Virtual plants’ describe plant architecture in silico. Virtual plants have the potential to help us understanding the complex feedback processes between canopy architecture, multiple environmental factors and crop productivity. As a research tool, they have become increasingly popular within the last decade due to their great power of realistically visualizing the plant’s architecture. This Research Topic highlights current research carried out on modeling plant architecture in changing environments.

Morphogenesis --- environment --- functional-structural plant model --- simulation --- Interaction --- Light --- Virtual plant --- plasticity --- crop productivity --- Ontogeny --- plant architecture

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De nombreux organismes sont composés de parties répétées, identiques ou modifiées (segments de vers de terre, vertèbres, etc.). Ce mode d’organisation fait l’objet depuis la fin du XVIIIe siècle, de nombreuses interrogations de la part des biologistes : quelle est sa signification anatomique, comment se met-il en place lors de l’embryogenèse, que peut-on en déduire sur l’évolution des espèces, etc. ? Ce livre retrace l’histoire de ces questionnements, des théories et des concepts qu’ils ont suscités depuis deux siècles. Il montre que ce problème de la répétition des parties n’a cessé d’occuper une position centrale, au carrefour de plusieurs disciplines biologiques, et ce jusqu’à nos jours.

anatomy --- history of science --- embryology --- segmentation --- metamers --- evolutionism --- Anatomy. --- Morphology. --- Biological form --- Biological structure --- Comparative morphology --- Form in biology --- Structure in biology --- Anatomy, Comparative --- Morphogenesis --- Animal anatomy --- Animals --- Biology --- Physiology --- Anatomy --- Grammar, Comparative and general Morphology --- Morphology --- morphologie transformiste --- vertébré --- phylogenèse --- Naturphilosophie

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This book explores the biology of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, its interaction with the human host, and current research that seeks to identify new ways to combat the health risks posed by C. albicans infection.

Candida albicans --- acridine --- antifungal --- topoisomerase --- inhibitor --- candidiasis --- 1,3,4-oxadiazole --- drug discovery --- antifungal agents --- drug resistance --- toxicity --- biofilm --- invasive Candida infections --- invasive fungal infections --- antifungal prophylaxis --- newborns --- surgery --- neonatal surgery --- multivalency --- anti-adhesion glycoconjugates --- glycomimetics --- Candida --- C. albicans --- XCL1 --- metamorphic protein --- fold-switching protein --- antifungal peptide --- polymorphism --- hyphal morphogenesis --- hyphal activation --- signal transduction pathways --- cell cycle regulation --- sphingolipids --- myriocin --- fungal infections --- epigenetic --- yeast --- chromatin --- hyphae --- human fungal pathogen --- nutrient sensing --- amino acid metabolism --- proline catabolism --- mitochondria --- SPS-sensor --- nitrogen catabolite repression --- glucose repression --- immunometabolism --- metabolism --- macrophages --- epithelial cells --- glycolysis --- glucose --- moonlighting proteins --- n/a