Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

On Madagascar, the ant genus Pheidole Westwood, 1839 is one of the dominant and most diverse ant genera. Modern studies on the diversity of Madagascan Pheidole has been initiated in 2019 and ended a 100 year-long break in studies on this genus from the island. Based on so far published data, there are 69 known Pheidole species on the island divided into sixteen species-groups. It is estimated that 97% of them are endemic. Here we present a revision of the sikorae species group, which appears to be the most species-rich on Madagascar. Forty-four members of this group are recognised and described, and an illustrated identification key to this group is also presented. At present, there are 109 valid species and subspecies of Pheidole known from Madagascar, but this number is expected to increase with upcoming taxonomic revisions of the species groups not revised in this study.

Pheidole. --- Madagascar.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Food insecurity dramatically increased in Madagascar over the last 10 years, hampering human development. Using most recent data and surveys conducted by UN Agencies and local authorities, this paper analyzes the root causes of food insecurity in Madagascar related to demographic vulnerabilities, multidimensional poverty, lack of education, as well as structural weaknesses in the food value chain and the lack of basic infrastructure, such as irrigation and transportation, that hamper agricultural activity development. Moreover, Madagascar is exposed to a large variety of climate shocks that climate change will likely exacerbate. This paper formulates country specific macroeconomic and operational policy recommendations in collaboration with the World Food Program to reduce food insecurity, which include i) measures to improve the emergency response and preparedness, ii) policies to address structural food insecurity, by improving the food chain and addressing challenges posed by climate shocks, and iii) measures to improve Green PFM and climate related public investment management to invest in long-term resilience and mobilize external financing.

Madagascar, Republic of

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This chapter investigates the link between informality and growth in Madagascar and aims for a better understanding of the informal sector. It provides an analysis of the characteristics of informal production units and informal employment. Findings suggest that informality is a key feature of economic activity in Madagascar, and that informal production units are the main driver of employment with a deep concentration around self-employment. Overall, informality is associated with a lack of awareness of administrative procedures and the complexity and cost of tax and regulatory measures. The informal sector’s Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth is more stable and higher on average than the formal sector TFP.

Madagascar, Republic of

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The paper examines Madagascar's education, health, and social assistance spending and outcomes. Government spending on education is relatively low compared to peers, and the quality of education has deteriorated. The paper recommends allocating more resources to the sector, ensuring transparent and merit-based teacher recruitment mechanisms, and strengthening teacher training and incentives. Health spending is also low, and the health system faces challenges in malnutrition, immunization, and service delivery. Additional domestic resources and large-scale structural reforms are needed. Social safety net programs have limited coverage and low spending, and expanding them should be a top priority to reduce poverty and support vulnerable populations.

Madagascar, Republic of

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This Selected Issues paper takes stock of recent developments in revenue mobilization in Madagascar, estimates the country's tax potential based on its structural characteristics and other factors, and draws some lessons from successful revenue mobilization episodes in other sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. All cases point to the need for a broad range of tax policy and revenue administrative reforms prior to and during the mobilization episode. A strong and sustained political commitment is needed. Progress on revenue mobilization can be slow or incremental, over a prolonged period. While a sound reform strategy that seeks to build effective and modern institutions is critical, political commitment to carry out reforms is also essential. The analysis shows that there is a significant tax potential including through a possible broadening of the tax base, notably for consumption taxation; and underscores the importance of a comprehensive revenue strategy, including by combining reforms in tax policy and in tax and customs administrations.

Economic history. --- Madagascar --- Economic conditions.