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This Special Issue scrutinizes the use of ultrasonic-cavitation melt treatment in technology of high-quality metallic alloys with improved mechanical properties, and assesses the driving mechanisms of cavitation-induced effects, such as grain refinement, degassing, wetting, and particle distribution. In this context, the research published in this Special Issue considers the interaction between the cavitation field and acoustic streaming with the melt flow and the suspended solid/liquid phases, the characterization and mapping of cavitation activity in a melt volume, and the possibility of achieving high efficiency in processing large melt volumes through technological approaches for the commercial implementation of ultrasonic processing technology.

Metallic composites.

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The sections in this book are devoted to new approaches and usages of stainless steels, the influence of the environments on the behavior of certain classes of steels, new structural concepts to understand some fatigue processes, new insight on strengthening mechanisms, and toughness in microalloyed steels. The kinetics during tempering in low-alloy steels is also discussed through a new set-up that uses a modified Avrami formalism.

Alloys. --- Metallic alloys --- Metallic composites --- Metals --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Amalgamation --- Microalloying --- Metals technology / metallurgy

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Traditional manufacturing processes, such as welding and casting, and modern techniques, such as additive manufacturing, can significantly affect the local material properties of metallic materials. To ensure the safe and reliable operation of engineering components and structures, fundamental knowledge of the manufacturing effects on fatigue performance is of the utmost importance. Hence, this Special Issue focuses on the fatigue design of metallic structures, considering the influence of technological aspects. Approaches based on local stress/strain, as well as fracture-mechanics-based concepts, are applied, considering local manufacturing-process-dependent characteristics, such as microstructure, hardness, porosity/defects, surface topography, and/or residual stress state. Moreover, probabilistic methods are utilized which enable a link between statistically distributed local characteristics and failure/survival probability, enabling the advanced fatigue design of metallic structures.

Metallic composites --- Fatigue. --- Metal composites --- Metal matrix composites --- Composite materials --- Metals

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In general, metallic alloys are the interdisciplinary subject or even an area that cover physics, chemistry, material science, metallurgy, crystallography, etc. This book is devoted to the metallic alloys. The primary goal is to provide coverage of advanced topics and trends of R&D of metallic alloys. The chapters of this book are contributed by the respected and well-known researchers which have presented results of their up-to-date metallic alloys technologies. The book consists of two blocks filled with 10 chapters which provide the results of scientific studies in many aspects of the metallic alloys including the studies of amorphous and nanoalloys, modeling of disordered metallic alloys, superconducting alloys, differential speed rolling of alloys, meta-magnetic Heusler alloys, etc. The book is of interest to both fundamental research and practicing scientists and will prove invaluable to all chemical and metallurgical engineers in process industries, as well as to students and engineers in industry and laboratories. We hope that readers will find this book interesting and helpful for the work and studies. If so, this could be the best pleasure and reward for us.

Alloys. --- Metallic alloys --- Metallic composites --- Metals --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Amalgamation --- Microalloying --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Materials Science --- Metals and Nonmetals --- Metallurgy

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Powder metallurgy is a group of advanced processes used for the synthesis, processing, and shaping of various kinds of materials. Initially inspired by ceramics processing, the methodology comprising the production of a powder and its transformation to a compact solid product has attracted attention since the end of World War II. At present, many technologies are availabe for powder production (e.g., gas atomization of the melt, chemical reduction, milling, and mechanical alloying) and its consolidation (e.g., pressing and sintering, hot isostatic pressing, and spark plasma sintering). The most promising methods can achieve an ultra-fine or nano-grained powder structure, and preserve it during consolidation. Among these methods, mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering play a key role. This book places special focus on advances in mechanical alloying, spark plasma sintering, and self-propagating high-temperature synthesis methods, as well as on the role of these processes in the development of new materials.

in situ diffraction --- aluminides --- reactive sintering --- mechanism --- powder metallurgy --- iron silicide --- Fe–Al–Si alloy --- mechanical alloying --- spark plasma sintering --- characterization --- FeAlSi --- intermetallic alloys --- microstructure --- nanoindentation --- mechanical properties --- titanium aluminides and silicides --- casting --- heterophase magnesium matrix composite --- Mg2Si --- carbon nanotubes --- nanopowders de-agglomeration --- sintering --- biomaterials --- metallic composites --- powder technology --- zinc --- Ni-Ti alloy --- self-propagating high-temperature synthesis --- aging --- compressive test --- hardness --- shape memory --- maraging steel --- atomized powder --- selective laser melting --- heat treatment --- precipitation hardening --- self-healing --- aluminium alloy --- grain boundary diffusion --- Nd–Fe–B magnets --- hydrogenation --- magnetic properties --- MgAl2O4 --- lithium fluoride --- cobalt fluoride --- manganese fluoride --- grain growth --- compressive strength --- oxidation resistance --- wear --- multi principal element alloy --- tensile strength --- fracture --- ductility --- powder --- critical raw materials --- cutting tools --- new materials --- new machining methods --- modelling and simulation