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This book provides an overview of the globally concerning and emerging public health RNA viruses like SARS-CoV2, Ebola virus, FMD disease, and others. The main drive to publish this book was to present information on the molecular epidemiology pattern, transmission dynamics, host response factor, RNA viral infection, RNA virus evolution, molecular biology of RNA viruses, pathogenesis mechanism and phylogenetic analysis causing viral diseases among humans. This book will help to provide updated research information to the policymaker or planner for further diagnosis with genotyping tools, control, and prevention for further outbreaks of diseases from RNA viruses in tropical and subtropical countries.

RNA viruses.

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Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, and their biology is closely interlinked with that of their host cells. However, this relationship is two-sided. Virus-host cell interactions are clearly essential to allow viruses to facilitate their life cycles, but they also give the host cell a chance to recognize and combat virus infections. This Special Issue of Cells compiles review papers on emerging themes related to virus-host cell interactions of RNA viruses, including mechanistic details of virus uncoating, new insights into the nature and function of viral replication compartments, and the role of RNA methylation in the virus life cycle. This is complemented by primary research papers addressing virus-host cell interactions from diverse perspectives.

Cells. --- RNA viruses. --- Riboviruses --- Viruses, RNA --- Viruses --- Organisms --- Cytology

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Viruses cause numerous medically important diseases, affecting developing, developed, rich and poor alike. The diseases vary in severity, including chickenpox, smallpox, influenza, shingles, herpes, rabies, polio, Ebola, hanta fever, AIDS and the common cold, amongst others. Regardless of the type of tissue or organ affected, all viruses follow the same basic steps to infect host cells. Once in contact with host cells viruses release their genetic material into the cell followed by genome replication, production of viral proteins, assembly of the virus particle and egress from the infected cell. Viruses disrupt normal host cell processes in order to facilitate their own replication/assembly by re-directing cellular machinery for viral transcription, translation, assembly, release and by inhibiting antiviral responses. Regulated nuclear transport of macromolecules through the nuclear pore complex, the only means of transport across the nuclear membrane, is essential for normal cell function and an effective antiviral response. Many viruses disrupt or exploit the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking pathways in host cells. Cytoplasmic viruses exploit the host cell nucleocytoplasmic trafficking machinery to access nuclear functions and/or disrupt nuclear transport, while several DNA viruses use the trafficking pathways to enable export of their components into the cytoplasm; yet others complete their assembly within the nucleus and use nuclear export pathways to access the cytoplasm. Indeed, the many and varied interactions of viruses and viral proteins with nucleocytoplasmic trafficking components have been invaluable in pathway discovery. Importantly, mounting evidence suggests that these interactions play essential roles in virus replication/assembly and hence may be key to understanding pathophysiology of viral diseases. This Frontiers Research Topic is dedicated to the importance of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking to viral pathogenesis.

viral nuclear interactions --- nuclear transport --- DNA Viruses --- nuclear pore complex --- RNA Viruses

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Medical microbiology, virology, parasitology --- Retroviruses --- Virology --- Rétrovirus --- Virologie --- Periodicals --- Research --- Périodiques --- Recherche --- Retroviridae. --- Retroviridae Infections. --- Retroviruses. --- Retrovirology. --- C-type RNA viruses --- Leukemogenic viruses --- Leukoviruses --- Oncornaviruses --- Oncoviruses --- Retroviridae --- RNA tumor viruses --- Infections, Retroviridae --- Infections, Retrovirus --- Retrovirus Infections --- Infection, Retroviridae --- Infection, Retrovirus --- Retroviridae Infection --- Retrovirus Infection --- Leukemogenic Viruses --- Oncovirinae --- Oncoviruses, Type C --- RNA Tumor Viruses --- Type C Oncoviruses --- C Oncovirus, Type --- C Oncoviruses, Type --- Leukemogenic Virus --- Leukovirus --- Oncornavirus --- Oncovirus --- Oncovirus, Type C --- RNA Tumor Virus --- Retrovirus --- Tumor Virus, RNA --- Tumor Viruses, RNA --- Type C Oncovirus --- Virus, Leukemogenic --- Virus, RNA Tumor --- Viruses, Leukemogenic --- Viruses, RNA Tumor --- retrovirus --- human retroviruses --- animal retroviruses --- HIV --- HTLV --- Oncogenic viruses --- RNA viruses --- XMRV Infection --- Xenotropic MuLV-related Virus Infection --- Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-related Virus Infection --- Infection, XMRV --- Infections, XMRV --- XMRV Infections --- Xenotropic MuLV related Virus Infection --- Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus related Virus Infection --- Allergy --- allergieën --- Microbiology & Immunology --- hiv --- htlv