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Poland has seen impressive growth in recent years, and yet regional disparities in economic and social outcomes remain large by OECD standards. The overall living conditions in rural communities generally remain below those of urban communities, and rural households face higher poverty rates. This study examines the range of policies impacting rural development in Poland. It offers recommendations on how to boost agricultural productivity, support economic diversification, enhance inter-municipal co-ordination, deepen decentralisation, and improve multi-level governance.

Rural development --- Government policy --- Poland --- Rural conditions. --- Community development, Rural --- Development, Rural --- Integrated rural development --- Regional development --- Rehabilitation, Rural --- Rural community development --- Rural economic development --- Agriculture and state --- Community development --- Economic development --- Regional planning --- Citizen participation --- Social aspects

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Economic valuation is widely used in OECD countries as a way of assessing the (usually monetary) value of goods that have no markets. In the rural context, valuation methods are used to argue for or against projects and policy choices in areas as diverse as agricultural support policies, local economic development, land use and biodiversity assessment.This volume reviews a range of different valuation methodologies -- stated preferences, cost-benefit, revealed preferences, and others -- and looks at how these different approaches influence choices in rural policy. Its aim is to assess whether some set of international guidelines or standards could be used to reduce the subjectivity of the evidentiary information.

Rural development --- Développement rural --- Congresses --- Congrès --- #SBIB:023.IO --- #SBIB:35H435 --- Community development, Rural --- Development, Rural --- Integrated rural development --- Regional development --- Rehabilitation, Rural --- Rural community development --- Rural economic development --- Agriculture and state --- Community development --- Economic development --- Regional planning --- Beleidssectoren: economisch en werkgelegenheidsbeleid --- Citizen participation --- Social aspects --- Développement rural --- Congrès --- Economics --- Territorial questions --- Economic Valuation

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Tzoumerka est une région montagneuse située au nord-ouest de la Grèce. Cette région est confrontée à des défis majeurs en termes de développement, de croissance, de cohésion sociale et de gouvernance. Son économie est fortement dépendante d’activités agricoles traditionnelles dont la survie n’est assurée que par le soutien financier considérable de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC). Or, ce soutien est malheureusement appelé à disparaître. Les incitations mises en place pour moderniser les activités agricoles et promouvoir d’autres types d’activités économiques se sont avérées inefficaces. La politique de développement local doit à présent prendre un nouvel élan. Il s’agit de modifier les anciennes habitudes de la population locale et de l’inciter à développer ses compétences à travers de nouveaux projets économiques. Les politiques susceptibles d’être les plus efficaces et de générer un nouvel état d’esprit sont celles qui s’appuient sur l’identification et l’essaimage d’un petit nombre d’initiatives heureuses dont les résultats ont été visibles. La transformation des produits agricoles de base en produits à valeur ajoutée est une des stratégies à prendre en compte pour suivre la tendance actuelle de la demande. Il faudrait également exploiter les importantes ressources touristiques de la région afin d’attirer des touristes en quête d’authenticité. L’Examen territorial de Tzoumerka s’inscrit dans un programme plus vaste d’Examens territoriaux, aux niveaux national et régional, menés par le Comité des Politiques de Développement Territorial de l’OCDE. L’objectif général des Examens territoriaux est de fournir des recommandations pratiques aux gouvernements. Les Examens territoriaux portent sur trois types de régions (urbain, intermédiaire, rural). Ils permettent de mieux comprendre les défis auxquels ces régions sont confrontées et identifient des solutions concrètes pour y faire face.

Rural development --- Community development --- Economic development --- Greece --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Regional development --- Economic assistance, Domestic --- Social planning --- Community development, Rural --- Development, Rural --- Integrated rural development --- Rehabilitation, Rural --- Rural community development --- Rural economic development --- Agriculture and state --- Regional planning --- Citizen participation --- Government policy --- Social aspects

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The challenges faced by Mexico’s rural areas are significant. Mexico's countryside is home to a large population (more than the overall population of many OECD countries) that is highly dispersed and largely living in poverty. The potential of these areas is however significant, as their vast (and young) human resources, their natural, cultural and physical assets could provide, in a more diversified economy, a greater contribution to national development. This review shows that the challenges and potential of rural areas are spatially differentiated and therefore require a place-based policy approach. The Mexican government has had significant success in framing a multi-sector rural policy. Some of these accomplishments can provide examples of best practice for other OECD countries. The continuity and institutionalization of these advances are a priority. In addition, efforts should be devoted to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of rural development programmes and to guaranteeing coherence with other major sectoral policies. This will contribute to addressing the country's major territorial and individual inequalities and will transform rural regions into sources of national development.  

Meat industry and trade. --- Rural development. --- Rural development --- Sociology & Social History --- Social Sciences --- Social Conditions --- Government policy --- Mexico --- Rural conditions. --- Community development, Rural --- Development, Rural --- Integrated rural development --- Regional development --- Rehabilitation, Rural --- Rural community development --- Rural economic development --- Citizen participation --- Social aspects --- Agriculture and state --- Community development --- Economic development --- Regional planning

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Rural England plays a significant role in the economy of the United Kingdom, but an even larger social and cultural role. And it is unique among OECD regions, in that it is geographically compact, with rural inhabitants generally no more than a half hour’s drive from an urban area. There is thus a vast amount of interaction between rural and urban populations in England. England’s rural population is, on average, doing better than the urban population across a broad range of socio-economic indicators. Nevertheless, rural England is also struggling with pockets of poverty and social exclusion, difficulties in maintaining access to high quality public services, an ageing population, and, most importantly, a widespread shortage of affordable housing. The government has adopted mainstreaming as its rural policy strategy. The objective of mainstreaming is to ensure that people in rural England have access to the same policies and programmes as those available in urban England. While mainstreaming is an attractive policy approach, especially in a country with strong rural-urban interactions such as England, it has proved challenging to implement for different reasons. This report examines the mainstreaming policy response as applied to rural England and suggests ways to increase its effectiveness. The report will interest academics and policy makers alike as it includes a discussion on governance structures and decentralisation; delivering public services; economic development; and the importance of improving connectivity in the context of rural areas.  While the focus is on rural England, other OECD member countries will also benefit from the insights provided.

Urban, Rural and Regional Development --- Governance --- United Kingdom --- Rural development --- Government policy --- Community development, Rural --- Development, Rural --- Integrated rural development --- Regional development --- Rehabilitation, Rural --- Rural community development --- Rural economic development --- Citizen participation --- Social aspects --- Agriculture and state --- Community development --- Economic development --- Regional planning --- England --- Rural conditions.