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Technology transfer --- Transfert de technologie --- -813 Methodologie --- 827 Geopolitiek --- 831.1 Handelspolitiek --- 839 Technologie en infrastructuur --- 884.1 Oost-Europa --- 338.043 --- AA / International- internationaal --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- SU / Soviet Union - Ussr - Urss --- Technological transfer --- Transfer of technology --- Diffusion of innovations --- Inventions --- Research, Industrial --- Technology and international relations --- Foreign licensing agreements --- Technological forecasting --- Technological innovations --- Technology --- Technologische vooruitgang. Automatisering. Computers. Werkgelegenheid en informatica. --- International cooperation --- 813 Methodologie --- Technologische vooruitgang. Automatisering. Computers. Werkgelegenheid en informatica --- Technology transfer - Soviet Union
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321 <5-12> --- 815 Geschiedenis --- 820 Internationale Betrekkingen --- 821.1 Volkenrecht --- 822.2 Regionale Organisaties --- 830 Economie --- 831.1 Handelspolitiek --- 838 Duurzame Ontwikkeling --- 841 Politiek Bestel --- 845 Religie --- 848 Demografie --- 883.1 Centraal-Azië --- 883.2 Oost-Azië --- 883.4 West-Azië --- 884.1 Oost-Europa --- 331.30 --- 331.33 --- 37 --- ASI / Asia - Azië - Asie --- RU / Russia - Rusland - Russie --- SU / Soviet Union - Ussr - Urss --- Politieke organisatie. Staten als politieke machten. Regeringsvormen--?<5-12> --- Economische toestand. --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik. --- Geografische economie. Monografieën van streken en landen. --- 321 <5-12> Politieke organisatie. Staten als politieke machten. Regeringsvormen--?<5-12> --- Economische toestand --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik --- Geografische economie. Monografieën van streken en landen
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Economic conditions. Economic development --- economische politiek --- Europe --- vrijemarkteconomie --- geleide economie (x) --- 327.39 <430> --- SU / Soviet Union - Ussr - Urss --- DD / Eastern Germany - Ddr - Rda --- Dynamiek der staatshuishouding. Economische bewegingen. Economische dynamica --- 330.3 Dynamiek der staatshuishouding. Economische bewegingen. Economische dynamica --- 330.3 --- 330.34 --- Europese eenmaking --- privatisering --- Oost-Europa (x) --- 930.9 --- 947.098 --- 327.39 <4> --- #C9202 --- economie --- politiek --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- 330.548 --- 330.540 --- #GGSB: Sociale wet. essays --- 330.34 Economische ontwikkeling. Regionale economische ontwikkeling --- Economische ontwikkeling. Regionale economische ontwikkeling --- politique --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen. --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden. --- Germany --- History --- Unification, 1990 --- Soviet Union --- Economic policy --- 1989 --- -European federation --- 830 Economie --- 330.172 --- 330.173.1 --- P430 --- P47 --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden --- vrije economie - economisch liberalisme (zie ook 301.152.301) --- gebonden economie - geleide economie --- Duitsland --- Sowjet Unie - USRR - Rusland --- Sociale wet. essays --- European federation
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AA / International- internationaal --- 831.1 Handelspolitiek --- SU / Soviet Union - Ussr - Urss --- 330.342.15 --- 382.256 --- 339.5 <4-11> --- 334.16 --- East-West trade (1945- ) --- 338.341.1 --- 382.30 --- 334.80 --- International trade --- Centraal geleide economie. Socialistische economie. Communistische economie --- Buitenlandse hulp (betalingsbalans). --- Buitenlandse handel. Internationale handel. Ruilvoet--Oost-Europa --- COMECON. --- Financiële hulp aan de Derde Wereld. --- Handels- en wisselpolitiek in hun verband met de buitenlandse handel: algemeenheden. --- internationale samenwerking inzake prijzen, handel en verkeer: algemeen. --- Communist countries --- -Communist countries --- -Iron curtain lands --- Russian satellites --- Second world (Communist countries) --- Soviet bloc --- Former communist countries --- Commercial policy --- Foreign economic relations --- East-West trade. --- -Commercial policy --- 339.5 <4-11> Buitenlandse handel. Internationale handel. Ruilvoet--Oost-Europa --- 330.342.15 Centraal geleide economie. Socialistische economie. Communistische economie --- East-West trade --- COMECON --- internationale samenwerking inzake prijzen, handel en verkeer: algemeen --- Financiële hulp aan de Derde Wereld --- Buitenlandse hulp (betalingsbalans) --- Handels- en wisselpolitiek in hun verband met de buitenlandse handel: algemeenheden --- Iron curtain lands --- Commercial policy. --- Foreign economic relations.
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Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich, --- Soviet Union --- URSS --- History --- Politics and government --- Histoire --- Politique et gouvernement --- Economic conditions --- 840 Samenleving en staat --- 884.1 Oost-Europa --- -947.098 --- 321.74.001.7 <47> --- 323 <47> --- SU / Soviet Union - Ussr - Urss --- 323.0 --- 327.1 --- 331.061 --- #SBIB:328H26 --- -Binnenlandse politiek: algemeenheden. --- Buitenlandse politiek. Economische sancties. --- Economische vooruitzichten. --- Instellingen en beleid: USSR (actuele geschiedenis van de USSR: tot 1989) --- Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich --- -Politics and government --- -840 Samenleving en staat --- -Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich, --- 947.098 --- Binnenlandse politiek: algemeenheden --- Buitenlandse politiek. Economische sancties --- Economische vooruitzichten --- Gorbatschow, Michail, --- Gorbachev, M. S. --- Gorbachov, Mikhail, --- Gorbachov, M. S., --- Gorbatchev, Mikhaïl, --- Gorbaciov, Michail Sergeevic, --- Gorbachev, Mijaíl, --- Ko-erh-pa-chʻiao-fu, --- Ghūrbātshūf, --- Gorbatsjov, Michail, --- Gorbaczow, Michaił, --- Jūrbātshūf, Mīkhāʼīl, --- Gorbaciov, Mikhail Sergejevic, --- Gorubachofu, Mihairu, --- Gorbachov, Mijail S., --- Kō̜kbāsep, Mikhāʻīn, --- Gkormpatsoph, M., --- Gorbačëv, Michail, --- Gorbacsov, Mihail, --- Ko-pa-chʻi-fu, M., --- Gorbats'ov, Mikhaʼel, --- Gorbaciov, Mihail, --- Gorbachov, Michael, --- Gorbatxov, Mikhaïl Serguèievitx, --- Gorbatšov, Mihail, --- Горбачев, Михаил Сергеевич, --- גורבצ׳ב, מיכאל סרגייביץ׳, --- גורבצ׳וב --- 戈爾巴喬夫, --- Gorbatchev --- Gorbačov, Michail, --- Gorbatchev, Mikhaïl --- Горбачев, Михаил Сергеевич --- Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich, - 1931 --- -Soviet Union - Politics and government - 1985-1991. --- Soviet Union - Economic conditions - 1975-1985. --- -Soviet Union
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Economic forecasting --- Congresses --- Europe, Central --- Europe, Eastern --- Europe de l'Est --- Economic conditions --- Conditions économiques --- Congrès --- 830 Vrede en economie --- 884.1 Oost-Europa --- 338 <4-11> --- -Economic forecasting --- -338 <4-11> --- 338 --- 061.3 --- Oost- en Centraal-Europa --- CSR / Czechoslovakia - Tsjechoslowakije - Tchecoslovaquie --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- SU / Soviet Union - Ussr - Urss --- HU / Hungary - Hongarije - Hongrie --- PL / Poland - Polen - Pologne --- RO / Romania - Roemenië - Roumanie --- 331.30 --- 331.33 --- Colloque OTAN, Bruxelles, 1990, NATO Colloquium, Brussels. --- NBB congres --- Economics --- Forecasting --- Economic indicators --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Oost-Europa --- Economische toestand. Economische ontwikkeling --- Congressen: verslagen --- Economische toestand. --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik. --- -Central Europe --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- -Congresses. --- -Congresses --- Congresses. --- -Economic conditions --- 338 <4-11> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Oost-Europa --- Conditions économiques --- Congrès --- Colloque OTAN, Bruxelles, 1990, NATO Colloquium, Brussels --- Economische toestand --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik --- Central Europe --- 830 Economie
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Private finance --- Russian Federation --- Finance --- Finances --- Europe --- Soviet Union --- United States --- URSS --- Etats-Unis --- Foreign economic relations --- Relations économiques extérieures --- -339.727.2 <47:73> --- 336.76 <73> --- #C9205 --- marche international financier --- democratie populaire --- urss --- AA / International- internationaal --- SU / Soviet Union - Ussr - Urss --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 330.53 --- 333.101 --- 333.137 --- 339.113 --- 330.540 --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- internationale financiele markt --- volksdemocratie --- ussr --- Anarchistisch stelsel. Collectivisme. --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel. --- Buitenlandse en koloniale banken.Bancaire internationalisering. --- Buitenlandse investeringen. --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden. --- -United States --- -Europe --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- -Foreign economic relations --- -Finance --- Currency questioninternationale financiele markt --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden.Soviet Union --- EurasiaForeign economic relations --- -Private finance --- Russia --- Relations économiques extérieures --- 339.727.2 <47:73> --- Anarchistisch stelsel. Collectivisme --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel --- Buitenlandse en koloniale banken.Bancaire internationalisering --- Buitenlandse investeringen --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Zwia̦zek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS --- 921 --- geschiedenis Europa --- histoire Europe
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This three-volume study of the Soviet economy presents the detailed information, analysis, and recommendations for the summary report presented to the Group of Seven industrial countries in December 1990. The study was prepared by staff members of the IMF, the World Bank, the OECD, and the EBRD.
Economic conditions. Economic development --- Russian Federation --- Soviet Union --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- 338 (47) --- 338 <47 + 57> --- SU / Soviet Union - Ussr - Urss --- 307.0 --- 382.256 --- 336.311.2 --- 339.115 --- 333.110 --- 331.31 --- 331.30 --- 336.61 --- 330.580 --- 330.540 --- 331.32 --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Rusland. Sovjet-Unie --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--?<47+57> --- Algemene statistische documentatie. Statistische jaarboeken. Grafieken. Statistische gegevensbanken. --- Buitenlandse hulp (betalingsbalans). --- Buitenlandse leningen van de overheid. --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC. --- Centrale banken en parastatale kredietinstellingen: algemeen. Overheidsbemoeiïng inzake organisatie en verdeling van het krediet. --- Economisch beleid. --- Economische toestand. --- Financieel beleid. --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden. --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden. --- Structuur van de economie. --- -Soviet Union --- -Economic conditions --- -Economic policy --- -338 (47) --- 338 <47 + 57> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--?<47+57> --- 338 (47) Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Rusland. Sovjet-Unie --- -Economic conditions. Economic development --- Russia --- -307.0 --- Algemene statistische documentatie. Statistische jaarboeken. Grafieken. Statistische gegevensbanken --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden --- Economische toestand --- Economisch beleid --- Structuur van de economie --- Centrale banken en parastatale kredietinstellingen: algemeen. Overheidsbemoeiïng inzake organisatie en verdeling van het krediet --- Buitenlandse leningen van de overheid --- Financieel beleid --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC --- Buitenlandse hulp (betalingsbalans) --- E-books --- Économie politique --- URSS --- Soviet Union - Economic conditions - 1985-1991 --- Soviet Union - Economic policy - 1986-1991 --- Foreign Exchange --- Infrastructure --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Environmental Economics --- Labor Economics: General --- Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis --- Housing --- Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Environmental Economics: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Public finance & taxation --- Environmental economics --- Budgeting & financial management --- Extractive industries --- National accounts --- Saving and investment --- Labor economics --- Income --- Wages --- Environmental sciences
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Questioning the attempts to portray the reform of the Russian economy as a disaster, Jim Leitzel maintains that these portrayals are misleading because they fail to take account of the many complexities of the transition. Perceptions about the pre-reform Russian economy are often inaccurate, primarily because the logic of a centrally planned economy is so different from a capitalist one that familiar economic phenomena, such as inflation and unemployment, take unfamiliar forms. The resulting misconceptions about the starting point for Russian economic reform lead to an exaggeration of the cost
Economic policy and planning (general) --- Russian Federation --- 338.24 <47> --- 339.732 <47> --- 338 (47) --- SU / Soviet Union - Ussr - Urss --- 331.31 --- 331.30 --- 330.540 --- 331.32 --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Rusland. Sovjet-Unie --- Internationale banken. Wereldbank. Ontwikkelingsbank. Investeringsbank. Comecom, samenwerkingsbank. Europees monetair fonds. Europees ontwikkelingsfonds. Europese investeringsbank. Europese monetaire--Rusland. Sovjet-Unie --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Rusland. Sovjet-Unie --- Economisch beleid. --- Economische toestand. --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden. --- Structuur van de economie. --- #A9302E --- Russia (Federation) --- -Russia (Federation) --- -Economic conditions --- -Economic policy --- -338.24 <47> --- 338 (47) Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Rusland. Sovjet-Unie --- 339.732 <47> Ida. Ibrd. Bird. Ifc. Imf. Speciale trekkingsrechten. Bank voor internationale betalingen. Internationaal monetair systeem--Rusland. Sovjet-Unie --- 339.732 <47> Internationale banken. Wereldbank. Ontwikkelingsbank. Investeringsbank. Comecom, samenwerkingsbank. Europees monetair fonds. Europees ontwikkelingsfonds. Europese investeringsbank. Europese monetaire--Rusland. Sovjet-Unie --- Ida. Ibrd. Bird. Ifc. Imf. Speciale trekkingsrechten. Bank voor internationale betalingen. Internationaal monetair systeem--Rusland. Sovjet-Unie --- 338.24 <47> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Rusland. Sovjet-Unie --- -Economic policy and planning (general) --- Russia --- -330.540 --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden --- Economische toestand --- Economisch beleid --- Structuur van de economie --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- Post-communism --- Economic aspects --- Soviet Union --- Economic conditions. --- economy --- free --- prices --- partial --- pre-reform --- system --- situation --- spontaneous --- privatization --- price --- Economic order --- Postcommunisme --- Aspect économique --- Russie --- Politique économique --- Conditions économiques
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Since 1991, the 15 countries under review - have to varying degrees, been pursuing reforms whose broad objectives have been to achieve market-based determination of interest rates and exchange rates, manage banking system liquidity through market operations with indirect instruments, and provide the institutional underpinnings for the design and implementation of macroeconomic stabilization and structural reform programs supported by the IMF. This study reviews the experience under these programs and the economic developments in the countries that undertook them.
Baltic Area --- Russian Federation --- 336.71 <474> --- 336.71 <470> --- banken --- banque centrale --- politique monetaire --- baltische staten --- monetair beleid --- Oost-Europa --- Rusland --- SU / Soviet Union - Ussr - Urss --- EE / Estonia - Estland - Estonie --- LT / Lithuania - Litouwen - Lituanie --- LV / Latvia - Letland - Lettonie --- 333.111.7 --- 333.111.30 --- 333.111.8 --- Bankwezen--Baltische Republieken --- Bankwezen--?<470> --- centrale bank --- etats baltes --- Betrekkingen van de centrale banken met de kredietinstellingen. --- Verrichtingen: algemeen. --- betrekkingen van de centrale banken onder elkaar, met buitenlandse banken en internationale instellingen. Gekruiste kredieten met niet verblijvende instellingen. --- Working papers --- 336.71 <470> Bankwezen--?<470> --- 336.71 <474> Bankwezen--Baltische Republieken --- Russia --- Banks and banking, Central --- 333.101 --- 333.17 --- Banker's banks --- Banks, Central --- Central banking --- Central banks --- Banks and banking --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel --- Verrichtingen: algemeen --- Betrekkingen van de centrale banken met de kredietinstellingen --- betrekkingen van de centrale banken onder elkaar, met buitenlandse banken en internationale instellingen. Gekruiste kredieten met niet verblijvende instellingen --- Crises, saneringen en hervormingen van het bankwezen --- Private finance --- Banks and banking, Central - Former Soviet republics. --- Accounting --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Investments: General --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- International Financial Markets --- Banking --- Finance --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Investment & securities --- Public finance accounting --- Monetary economics --- Financial services law & regulation --- Commercial banks --- Treasury bills and bonds --- Bank deposits --- Financial institutions --- Credit --- Money --- Currencies --- Payment systems --- Financial markets --- Currency markets --- Bank supervision --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Bank resolution --- Financial crises --- Government securities --- Finance, Public --- Clearinghouses --- Foreign exchange market --- State supervision --- Kyrgyz Republic
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