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Institutions whose goal is to help those at the margins have been a feature of social life for centuries. Today, social assistance institutions have integration and encouragement as their goal. They seek to avoid exclusion and stigmatisation.Poverty can tear at the fabric of society. However, preventing hardship among those with no resources while reducing exclusion and marginalisation is no easy task. How can social assistance best balance these goals, minimising disincentives to paid employment? What can be done to promote independence and individual responsibility?This book compares the social assistance policies of Belgium, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Norway. Although at first sight these countries appear very different, in fact the same policy dilemmas exist in the four countries. That local action is necessary to identify and help the excluded is accepted, but the balance between ensuring that sufficient resources are available at the local level while limiting budgets so as to ensure efficient use of resources is a continuing preoccupation. Governments stress their commitment to combat poverty, but benefits cannot be raised too high because this would harm work incentives. Different institutions sometimes disagree about whether benefit recipients are "job ready" or whether more social help is needed. No country has yet found a policy package which prevents exclusion, but innovative policies in each of these four countries are proving successful in limiting its extent.

Social policy --- Czech Republic --- Norway --- Netherlands --- Belgium --- sociaal beleid --- Welfare recipients --- Employment --- Government policy --- OECD countries --- Hard-core unemployed --- Economic assistance [Domestic ] --- Public welfare --- 36 <437.1> --- 36 <481> --- 844.2 Sociaal-economische structuur --- 36 (492) --- 36 (493) --- 36 (493) Maatschappelijk werk--België --- Maatschappelijk werk--België --- 36 (492) Maatschappelijk werk--Nederland --- Maatschappelijk werk--Nederland --- 36 <481> Maatschappelijk werk--Noorwegen --- Maatschappelijk werk--Noorwegen --- 36 <437.1> Maatschappelijk werk--Tsjechie --- Maatschappelijk werk--Tsjechie --- Social Issues/Migration/Health --- Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Economic assistance, Domestic --- Social policy. --- Anti-poverty programs --- Government economic assistance --- Economic policy --- National service --- Grants-in-aid --- Public welfare recipients --- Poor --- Hardcore unemployed --- Labor supply --- Unemployed --- Benevolent institutions --- Poor relief --- Public assistance --- Public charities --- Public relief --- Public welfare reform --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Welfare (Public assistance) --- Welfare reform --- Human services --- Social service --- OECD member countries --- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries

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1. Construction et mutations de la concertation sociale - 2. Les instances de la concertation - 3. La concertation face aux changements des modes de production - 4. Les défis de l'internationalisation - 5. Points de tension - Conclusion générale - Bibliographie

Social law. Labour law --- Labour conflicts --- Belgium --- Industrial relations --- Works councils --- Central labor councils --- Labor unions --- Industrial management --- Relations industrielles --- Comités d'entreprise --- Confédérations (Syndicats) --- Syndicats --- Gestion d'entreprise --- Employee participation --- Law and legislation --- Participation du personnel --- Droit --- Belgique --- --Presse --- --La œCité --- --Industrial relations --- C5 --- arbeidersbeweging --- christelijke arbeidersbeweging --- krant --- pers --- geschiedenis --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- 331.19 --- 384.6 --- 007 --- 070.23 --- 331.88 MOC --- 070.17 --- Maatschappelijke organisaties en maatschappelijk leven --- Geschiedkundige en andere inlichtingen over industriële, financiële en handelsondernemingen. --- Pers. --- informatie en communicatie --- pers, nationaal --- Mouvement Ouvrier Chrétien - MOC --- General Journalism Printed media --- 453 Arbeidsverhoudingen --- sociaal overleg --- Sociaal-economisch overleg 331.105.41 --- Overlegorganen / adviesorganen 331.883.5 --- Overleg in het bedrijf 331.107 --- Centrale Raad voor het Bedrijfsleven (CRB) 331.105.610 --- Nationale Arbeidsraad / NAR 331.105.611 --- Werkgeversorganisaties 331.105.42 --- Werknemersorganisaties 331.105.44 --- 332.10 --- 658.313 --- #SBIB:316.334.2A440 --- 331.152 --- 331.156.2 --- 331.156.2 CNT --- 331.156.2 CRB --- 331.881 --- 331.882 --- 330.191.41 --- 337.9 UE --- BPB1108 --- Politique sociale --- Syndicat --- Condition socio-économique --- Betrekkingen tussen werkgevers en werknemers. Organisatie van de arbeidsverhoudingen in de industrie: algemeenheden. --- Vertegenwoordiging en medebeheer van het personeel. Arbitrage en bemiddeling in industriële conflicten. --- Arbeidssociologie: het strategisch optreden van de partijen in de collectieve arbeidsverhoudingen: algemeen --- sociaal overleg - democratisering, economisch - democratisering van/in de onderneming - industriële democratie (zie ook 301.173.8, 321.7) --- sociaal economisch overleg - sociaal economische overlegorganen - sociale partners --- Conseil National du Travail - CNT --- Centrale Raad voor het Bedrijfsleven - CRB --- syndicalisme - vakbeweging --- werkgeversverenigingen - patronaat --- economische organisatie in België, gewestelijk - gewestelijke economische raden en instellingen --- Union Européenne - UE --- Sociaal beleid --- Vakbond --- Sociaal-economische omstandigheden --- Comités d'entreprise --- Confédérations (Syndicats) --- Co-determination (Industrial relations) --- Industrial councils --- Industrial relations councils --- Joint production committees --- Self-management --- Shop committees --- Shop councils --- Work councils --- Workers' control --- Workers' councils --- Works committees --- Workshop committees --- Workshop councils --- Management --- Labor-management committees --- Capital and labor --- Employee-employer relations --- Employer-employee relations --- Labor and capital --- Labor-management relations --- Labor relations --- Employees --- Geschiedkundige en andere inlichtingen over industriële, financiële en handelsondernemingen --- Pers --- Betrekkingen tussen werkgevers en werknemers. Organisatie van de arbeidsverhoudingen in de industrie: algemeenheden --- Vertegenwoordiging en medebeheer van het personeel. Arbitrage en bemiddeling in industriële conflicten --- Cité [La ] ([s.l.], Belgium) --- History --- Newspapers --- Press --- socialinės ir ekonominės sąlygos --- socio-økonomiske forhold --- socialno-ekonomske razmere --- condición socioeconómica --- warunki społeczno-ekonomiczne --- sociālekonomiskie apstākļi --- společensko-hospodářské poměry --- socio-ekonomické podmienky --- општествено-економски услови --- sozioökonomische Verhältnisse --- condizione socioeconomica --- yhteiskunnallis-taloudelliset olot --- condiții socio-economice --- kushte shoqërore-ekonomike --- condição socioeconómica --- друштвено-економски услови --- társadalmi-gazdasági körülmények --- socioekonomiska förhållanden --- socioeconomic conditions --- kundizzjoni soċjoekonomika --- sociaal-economische omstandigheden --- κοινωνικοοικονομικές συνθήκες --- društveno-gospodarski uvjeti --- sotsiaal-majanduslikud tingimused --- социално - икономически условия --- socioekonomisk situation --- sozioökonomische Lage --- společensko-hospodářský aspekt --- општествено-економски околности --- sociálně-ekonomická situace --- struttura socio-economica --- kushte shoqëror-kulturore --- sozioökonomische Struktur --- socialinis ir ekonominis požiūris --- condizione socio-economica --- κοινωνικοοικονομικές δομές --- socioekonomické podmínky --- socio-økonomisk aspekt --- socialinė ir ekonominė padėtis --- sociálně-ekonomický aspekt --- situatë shoqëror-kulturore --- sociaal-economisch aspect --- sotsiaal-majanduslik aspekt --- socio-economic situation --- socio-ekonomický aspekt --- aspekt shoqëror-kulturor --- sosiaalis-taloudellinen tilanne --- социоекономски услови --- socio-economic aspect --- situación socioeconómica --- aspect socio-économique --- socio-ekonomická situácia --- aspeto socioeconómico --- aspecte socio-economice --- sotsiaal-majanduslik olukord --- structure socio-économique --- szocioökonómiai körülmények --- sociālekonomiskā situācija --- socio-økonomisk struktur --- sosiaalis-taloudellinen näkökulma --- estrutura socioeconómica --- sociálně-ekonomické podmínky --- κοινωνικοοικονομικοί παράγοντες --- друштвено-економске прилике --- socioekonomski uvijeti --- sociaal-economische situatie --- sociálně-ekonomické postavení --- situation socio-économique --- socio-economic conditions --- socio-ekonomická struktura --- sociālekonomiskais aspekts --- posizione socio-economica --- estructura socioeconómica --- socialinis ir ekonominis aspektas --- socio-økonomisk situation --- situație socio-economică --- socioekonomisk aspekt --- aspetto socio-economico --- socioekonomisk struktur --- општествено-економски состојби --- aspecto socioeconómico --- situação socioeconómica --- sociaal-economische structuur --- sociálna politika --- socijalna politika --- социјална политика --- sociaal beleid --- socialpolitik --- socialna politika --- sociālā politika --- szociálpolitika --- politică socială --- sotsiaalpoliitika --- politikë sociale --- política social --- κοινωνική πολιτική --- politika soċjali --- politica sociale --- Sozialpolitik --- sociální politika --- socialinė politika --- sosiaalipolitiikka --- polityka społeczna --- социална политика --- social policy --- socialplan --- socijalni plan --- planificación social --- pianificazione sociale --- planifikim social --- sociálny plán --- sosiaalipoliittinen suunnittelu --- sotsiaalpoliitiline kava --- planeamento social --- socialinis planas --- social planläggning --- szociális politika --- κοινωνικό πρόγραμμα --- κοινωνική πτυχή --- sociální program --- social planning --- sosiaalinen suunnitelma --- социјален план --- Gesellschaftspolitik --- sociālā programma --- sociale planning --- plano social --- social plan --- sociālā plānošana --- ühiskonnapoliitika --- socijalno planiranje --- социјално планирање --- sociaal plan --- sociální plánování --- piano sociale --- socialinis planavimas --- Sozialplan --- socialplanlægning --- sociálne plánovanie --- Sozialplanung --- szociális tervezés --- pacchetto sociale --- κοινωνική σκοπιά --- planification sociale --- κοινωνικός σχεδιασμός --- sotsiaalkava --- sociaal luik --- plan social --- profesinė sąjunga --- sindacato --- sindikat --- trejdunjin --- trade union --- ammattiyhdistys --- ceardchumann --- szakszervezet --- fagforening --- arodbiedrība --- odbory --- ametiühing --- sindicat --- συνδικάτο --- vakbond --- синдикат --- fackförening --- bashkim profesional --- związek zawodowy --- Gewerkschaft --- sindicato --- odborový svaz --- syndikalisme --- töötajate ametiühing --- ammattijärjestöorganisaatio --- syndicat de travailleurs --- odborová rada --- profesinių sąjungų taryba --- ametiühinguorganisatsioon --- ametiühinguliikumine --- chambre syndicale --- szakszervezeti szövetség --- συνδικάτα εργαζομένων --- ametiühingute keskliit --- profesinių sąjungų federacija --- syndicat ouvrier --- arodbiedrību organizācija --- työntekijäyhdistys --- darbinieku asociācija --- arodbiedrību apvienība --- синдикализам --- radnički sindikat --- Arbeitskammer --- ametiühingute nõukogu --- sindicato operário --- odbory pracujících --- syndicalisme --- совет на синдикати --- consiglio sindacale --- trade union association --- federazione sindacale --- fédération syndicale --- odborová federácia --- odborové hnutí --- töötajate ühing --- sindicalismo --- trade union council --- членство во синдикат --- trade unionism --- συνδικαλιστική οργάνωση --- vakbeweging --- bourse du travail --- работнички синдикат --- profesinių sąjungų organizacija --- darbinieku arodbiedrība --- robotnícke odbory --- εργατικό σωματείο --- fackavdelning --- εργατικό συνδικάτο --- profesinių sąjungų asociacija --- Gewerkschaftsverband --- συνδικαλιστική ομοσπονδία --- työntekijän ammattijärjestö --- organisation syndicale --- szakszervezeti tanács --- syndikalismus --- syndicaat --- robotnícky zväz --- ammattiyhdistysliike --- odborová komora --- синдикална организација --- εργατικές ενώσεις --- ametiühingute liit --- pracovní burza --- синдикално движење --- associazione sindacale --- szakszervezetbe tömörülés --- sindicato de trabajadores --- lëvizje e bashkimeve profesionale --- organização sindical --- centrale sindacale --- federación sindical --- sindacalismo --- federação sindical --- organizatë bashkimesh profesionale --- arbeidersorganisatie --- συνδικαλισμός --- câmara sindical --- sindikalna organizacija --- Arbeitnehmerverband --- sindacato dei lavoratori --- werknemersvakvereniging --- organizzazione sindacale --- arodbiedrību federācija --- sindacato degli operai --- facklig organisation --- profesinių sąjungų vienijimasis --- arodbiedrību padome --- Gewerkschaftswesen --- shoqatë punonjësish --- piederība arodbiedrībai --- odborový zväz --- organización sindical --- vakbondorganisatie --- darbininkų asociacija --- trade union organisation --- sindicato obrero --- odborové hnutie --- shoqatë bashkimesh profesionale --- workers' trade union --- bashkim profesional i punonjësve --- vakverbond --- arbetarförening --- sindicalism --- Industriegewerkschaft --- federatë bashkimesh profesionale --- syndikalism --- fagforeningsbevægelse --- fackföreningsrörelse --- odborářství --- workers' association --- унија на синдикати --- odborová organizace --- trade union federation --- keskusjärjestö --- darbininkų profesinė sąjunga --- federație sindicală --- organizație sindicală --- camera sindacale --- këshill bashkimesh profesionale --- odborová organizácia --- Overleg : Sociaal overleg --- Concertation : Concertation sociale --- dálaí socheacnamaíocha --- beartas sóisialta --- Industrial relations - Belgium --- Works councils - Belgium --- Labor unions - Belgium --- Presse --- Condition socio-économique --- Négociation sociale