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There is some talk about an antibiotic Armageddon due to quickly developing resistance towards commercially available antibiotics. For the most part, the classical antibiotic pipeline has dried up, and antibiotic resistance to any new drugs quickly develops. It is here that metal-based antimicrobials can step forward as possible solutions in this antimicrobial resistance era. The biological targets of metal atoms are more diverse, thus making it more difficult for bacteria to develop resistance compared with classical antibiotics. The metal silver has been used since antiquity for wound healing and water purification. At present, it is the most prevalent antimicrobial metal used in healthcare, industry, and consumer products. Silver is being used in the form of ionic salt, colloids, or in specific nanomaterials, and as described in this book, it can be applied as mixtures with other antimicrobials or coating composites. The different formulations are explored for their efficacy against a variety of problems related to agricultural and medical infections. Whilst by no means exhaustive, this book nicely highlights the present directions in silver-based antimicrobial research and antimicrobial formulation development. The chapters have been organized from a general introductory review to approaches of mixing other antimicrobials and materials to enhance silver performance. This is followed by synthetic approaches. First are biogenic (sometimes called green or eco-friendly) approaches, followed by advanced physical–chemical synthetic approaches. The book ends with an overview of applications through a review of patents over the past 10 years.

nanotechnology --- environmentally-friendly --- pesticide --- antimicrobial --- zebrafish --- antimicrobial activity --- biofilm --- urinary infection --- silver nanoparticles --- bacterial resistance --- silver --- nanoparticles --- Candida albicans --- Staphylococcus aureus --- herbal medicine --- Punicaceae --- calcium glycerophosphate --- Streptococcus mutans --- antibacterial --- titania --- mesoporous --- macroporous --- surface functionalization --- camphor derivatives --- silver camphorimine complexes --- laser ablation synthesis in solution --- nano-antimicrobials --- food packaging --- green synthesis --- microwave irradiation --- Juglans regia --- antibacterial activity --- biological synthesis --- multidrug-resistant bacteria --- antifungal --- chitosan oligomers --- composites --- deep eutectic solvents --- phenolic compounds --- Phytophthora cinnamomi --- root rot --- non-equilibrium plasma --- antibacterial coatings --- plasma polymers --- nanocomposites --- antibiotics --- adjuvant --- combinatorial --- metal --- ROS --- antibacterial effect --- laser irradiation --- metal-vapour method --- TEM --- XPS --- EXAFS --- microbiomes --- silane-based coating --- Marinomonas --- Anaerospora --- antibiotic resistance --- medicinal silver --- patents --- synergism --- Cephradine --- Vildagliptin --- n/a

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Savannas and woodlands are one of the most challenging targets for remote sensing. This book provides a current snapshot of the geographical focus and application of the latest sensors and sensor combinations in savannas and woodlands. It includes feature articles on terrestrial laser scanning and on the application of remote sensing to characterization of vegetation dynamics in the Mato Grosso, Cerrado and Caatinga of Brazil. It also contains studies focussed on savannas in Europe, North America, Africa and Australia. It should be important reading for environmental practitioners and scientists globally who are concerned with the sustainability of the global savanna and woodland biome.

Savanna --- alternative stable states --- MODIS VCF --- land surface temperature --- albedo --- Cerrado --- Amazon --- vegetation type --- optical --- sar --- synergism --- mapping --- savanna --- post oak --- vegetation index --- ecosystem function --- phenology --- encroachment --- evergreen --- deciduous --- vegetation --- grassland --- fractional cover --- trend --- ecoregion --- bare soil --- livestock --- production systems --- remote sensing --- vegetation dynamics --- vegetation persistence --- conservation --- savannas --- Africa --- vegetation indices --- oak-grass savanna --- hydrology --- Sentinel-2 --- land cover --- grasslands --- forests --- monitoring --- random forest --- spectral indexes --- vegetation seasonality --- aboveground biomass --- Cerrado ecosystem --- SAR --- allometry --- biomass --- carbon --- cost-effective --- LiDAR --- TLS --- plant water availability --- tree phenology --- phenocams --- MODIS --- terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) --- Above Ground Biomass (AGB) --- 3D point cloud --- vegetation structure --- n/a

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Carotenoids are a group of natural pigments, consisting of more than 750 compounds. They are mostly yellow, orange, or red in color, due to the system of conjugated double bonds. This structural element is also responsible for the good antioxidant properties of many carotenoids. Carotenoids have shown numerous biological activities (not only as provitamin A), e.g., preventive properties of fruits and vegetables. As lipophilic compounds, their uptake and storage in the body are dependent on various conditions. In vitro and in vivo data showed stimulating and inhibitory effects of matrix compounds on bioaccessibility and bioavailability of carotenoids.

singlet-triplet annihilation --- silicon carotenoids --- dye-sensitized solar cells --- spent coffee grounds --- astaxanthin --- antioxidant antagonism --- carotenoid and chlorophyll derivatives --- fluorocarotenoids --- RNS --- feed processing --- ?-carotene --- iodocarotenoids --- hydrophilic --- selenium carotenoids --- free radical kinetics --- mechanisms --- stability --- free radicals --- antioxidant --- soil amendment --- pressurized fluid extraction --- extraction --- metal ions --- lutein --- lettuce --- lycopene --- antioxidant synergism --- iron carotenoids --- ROS --- solubility --- flavonoids --- bromocarotenoids --- sulfur carotenoids --- marine carotenoids --- cationic lipid --- carotenoids --- antioxidants --- nelfinavir --- fruit --- SK-Hep-1 --- carotenoid --- storage --- vegetables --- ethanol --- exon skipping --- inflammation --- xanthophylls --- Duchenne muscular dystrophy --- pharmacokinetics --- carrots --- chlorocarotenoids --- chelating compound --- cardiovascular disease --- ageing --- accelerated solvent extraction --- nitrogen carotenoids --- VEGF --- chlorophyll --- liquid chromatography --- antiradical --- PEG conjugates --- injection solvent --- cycloaddition --- HIV --- esterification --- antisense oligonucleotide --- B16F10 --- interaction --- cancer chemoprevention --- antireductant --- PC-3 --- oxidative stress

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Carbon materials are one of the most fascinating materials because of their unique properties and potential use in several applications. They can be obtained from residues or by using advanced synthesis technologies like chemical vapor deposition. The carbon family is very broad, ranging from classical activated carbons to more advanced species such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. The surface chemistry is one of the most interesting aspects of this broad family of materials, which allows the incorporation of different types of chemical functionalities or heteroatoms on the carbon surface, such as O, N, B, S, or P, which can modify the acid–base character, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, or the electronic properties of these materials and, thus, determine the final application. This book represents a collection of original research articles and communications focused on the synthesis, properties, and applications of heteroatom-doped functional carbon materials.

targeted adsorption --- graphene oxide --- bonding type --- oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) --- doping --- catalysis --- porous carbon --- Cd(II) --- nitrogen-doped graphene oxide --- sp3-defect --- heteroatoms --- amino group --- nitrogen-doped --- energy storage --- cross-link bond type --- energy power density --- polyaniline --- environmental remediation --- molten salt --- adsorption --- polyphosphates --- microcrystalline cellulose --- carbo microsphere --- Orange G --- carbon materials --- chemical functionalization --- physicochemical properties --- supercapacitor capacitance --- nanoparticles and shallow reservoirs --- pulse laser deposition --- co-activation method --- carbon capture and storage process (CCS) --- biochar --- CO2 --- adsorption studies --- graphene --- polypyrrole --- oxygen peroxide oxidation --- carbon nanotubes --- salt and base --- nanofluids --- carbon gels --- bio-phenol resin --- synergism --- magnetic moment --- photocatalysis --- oxygen reduction reaction --- carbon dioxide --- surface chemistry --- functionalized graphene oxide --- nitrogen-doped carbon materials --- N–doped carbon --- p-phenylene diamine --- electrochemical analysis --- mesoporosity --- carbon dioxide adsorption --- electrode material --- nitrogen-doped graphene --- nitrogen and oxygen doped activated carbon --- electrocatalysis --- supercapacitor

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Natural products are bioactive compounds synthesized by terrestrial and marine plants, microorganisms and animals, whose main objective is to prevent them from attacks by predators and/or pathogens. Traditionally since ancient times, different cultures have used these compounds for the prevention and treatment of various human diseases. During the last few years, it has been reported that most of these phytochemicals possess a variety of interesting and significant biological properties, such as analgesic, antiallodynic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antitumor and normal growth stimulants, as well as significant cardioprotective and neuroprotective activity. This thematic book aims to collect and disseminate some of the most significant and recent contributions of the use of the natural compounds called phytochemicals, as well as some of their chemical derivatives, for the prevention and treatment of cancer and other accompanying diseases. On the other hand, in recent years, the synthesis of numerous chemical derivatives of these natural compounds has also intensified, with the aim of enhancing their bioactive capacities. Among all these bioactivities, special attention has been paid to its antitumor capacity through the potential modulation of cancer initiation and growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy, angiogenesis, and metastatic dissemination. In addition, a considerable number of studies have linked their anticancer effects to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

total phenolic content --- total flavonoid content --- GC-MS --- DPPH --- antioxidant --- anticancer agent --- anti-inflammatory agent --- gingival fibroblasts --- oral cancer --- natural extract --- Adenosma bracteosum --- extract --- anti-cancer --- cell line --- isolated compounds --- caspase-3 --- bioactive compounds --- metabolites --- wine --- grapes --- breast cancer --- chemoprevention --- chemotherapy --- squamous cell carcinoma --- Moringa oleifera --- 3-hydroxy-β-ionone --- antioxidant activity --- antioxidant enzymes --- anti-proliferative activity --- maslinic acid --- melanoma --- Olea europaea L. --- ROS levels --- photodynamic therapy --- cancer --- photosensitiser --- natural compounds --- Elaeagnus angustifolia --- EMT --- apoptosis --- AKT/PI3K signaling pathway --- human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells --- migration activity --- proliferation --- oxidative stress --- ROS level --- uvaol --- lung metastases --- in vivo --- complementary medicine --- medicinal mushrooms --- triterpenoic acid --- tormentic acid --- betulinic acid --- oleanolic acid --- rhodamine B --- cytotoxicity --- hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) --- Pogostemon cablin (PPa extract) --- cell cycle --- synergism --- natural photosensitive compounds --- anticancer activity --- hypericin --- emodin --- quinizarin --- danthron --- interaction --- DNA --- glioblastoma (GBM) --- lactucopicrin (LCTP) --- temozolomide (TMZ) --- autophagy --- NF-κB --- p62/SQSM1 --- natural product --- therapeutic triglyceride --- xenograft study --- Caveolin-1 --- actin cytoskeleton --- betulin glycoconjugates --- click chemistry --- 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition --- n/a