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How does China maintain authoritarian rule while it is committed to market-oriented economic reforms? This book analyzes this puzzle by offering a systematic analysis of the central-local governmental relationship in rural China, focusing on rural taxation and political participation. Drawing on in-depth interviews with Chinese local officials and villagers, and combining them with game-theoretic analyses, it argues that the central government uses local governments as a target of blame for the problems that the central government has actually created. The most recent rural tax reforms, which began in 2000, were a conscious trade-off between fiscal crises and rural instability. For the central government, local fiscal crises and the lack of public goods in agricultural areas were less serious concerns than the heavy financial burdens imposed on farmers and the rural unrest that the predatory extractive behavior of local governments had generated in the 1990s, which threatened both economic reforms and authoritarian rule.

Fiscal policy --- Taxation --- Rural population --- Rural development --- Agricultural population --- Farm population --- Population --- Sociology, Rural --- E-books

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In recent decades, globalization has transformed rural societies and economies across the world. Much has been written by social scientists about the actors and structures underpinning these transformations and the effects on particular social groups, organizations and industries. Yet, to date much less attention has been given to the specific global processes that are fundamental to contemporary rural change. Rural Change and Global Processes provides a systematic analysis of the key global processes transforming rural spaces in the early 21st century financialization; standardization; consumption, and commodification. Through detailed case studies, the book examines why these processes are important, how they work in practice, and the challenges they raise as well as opportunities created. The book will be of particular relevance to researchers, graduate students, and policy-makers interested in the implications of global processes for rural people and livelihoods.

Sociology, Rural. --- Rural sociology --- Sociology --- Globalization --- Rural population. --- Social Science --- Rural communities. --- Economic aspects. --- Rural. --- Agricultural population --- Farm population --- Population --- Sociology, Rural

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Rural Literacies identifies the problems inherent in trying to understand rural literacy, addresses the lack of substantive research on literacy in rural areas, and reviews traditional misrepresentations of rural literacy. This innovative volume frames debates over literacy in relation to larger social, political, and economic forces, such as the impact of the No Child Left Behind Act on rural schools and the effects of out-migration, globalization, and the loss of small family farms on rural communities. Drawing upon traditional literacy and composition research and employing theory from e

Country life --- Rural population --- Academic writing --- English language --- Agricultural population --- Farm population --- Population --- Sociology, Rural --- Learned writing --- Scholarly writing --- Authorship --- Germanic languages --- Education --- Study and teaching (Higher) --- Rhetoric

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Agricultural laborers --- Rural population --- Migration, Internal --- History --- Sweden --- Rural conditions --- -Migration, Internal --- -Rural population --- -Agricultural population --- Farm population --- Population --- Sociology, Rural --- Internal migration --- Mobility --- Population geography --- Internal migrants --- Agricultural workers --- Farm labor --- Farm laborers --- Farm workers --- Farmhands --- Farmworkers --- Employees --- Rural conditions. --- Theses --- History. --- -History --- Agricultural population --- Kingdom of Sweden --- Konungariket Sverige --- Schweden --- Shvet︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Suecia --- Suède --- Suwēden --- Sverige --- Svezia --- Szwecja --- Zviedrija --- Zweden --- スウェーデン --- Démographie --- Demography --- Démographie. --- Agricultural laborers - Sweden - History --- Rural population - Sweden - History --- Migration, Internal - Sweden - History --- Sweden - Rural conditions --- Suede --- Conditions rurales --- 19e siecle --- Conditions sociales --- Démographie

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This book examines the relationship between free markets and democracy. It demonstrates how the implementation of even very painful free-market economic reforms in Chile and Mexico have helped to consolidate democratic politics without engendering a backlash against either reform or democratization. This national-level compatibility between free markets and democracy, however, is founded on their rural incompatibility. In the countryside, free-market reforms socially isolate peasants to such a degree that they become unable to organize independently, and are vulnerable to the pressures of local economic elites. This helps to create an electoral coalition behind free-market reforms that is critically based in some of the market's biggest victims: the peasantry. The book concludes that the comparatively stable free-market democracy in Latin America hinges critically on its defects in the countryside; conservative, free-market elites may consent to open politics only if they have a rural electoral redoubt.

Democracy --- -Democracy --- -Free enterprise --- -Rural population --- -Political participation --- -Citizen participation --- Community action --- Community involvement --- Community participation --- Involvement, Community --- Mass political behavior --- Participation, Citizen --- Participation, Community --- Participation, Political --- Political activity --- Political behavior --- Political rights --- Social participation --- Political activists --- Politics, Practical --- Agricultural population --- Farm population --- Population --- Sociology, Rural --- Free markets --- Laissez-faire --- Markets, Free --- Private enterprise --- Economic policy --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Free enterprise --- Political participation --- Rural population