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The paper employs synthetic control method (SCM) to determine the impact of trade agreements for 64 Latin American country pairs in the period 1989-1996. The results suggest that trade agreements have markedly boosted exports in Latin America, on an average by 76.4 percentage points over ten years. However, there is variation across countries and agreements. The export gains due to trade agreements are lower than the world average comprising 104 country pairs in the period 1983-1995.

Commercial treaties. --- Trade agreements (Commerce) --- Competition, International --- Foreign trade regulation --- Treaties --- Reciprocity (Commerce) --- Commercial treaties --- E-books --- Exports and Imports --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Trade: General --- International economics --- Trade agreements --- Exports --- North American Free Trade Agreement --- Customs unions --- Export performance --- International trade --- Protectionism --- Mexico

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This paper estimates the short-term and long-run price and income elasticity of Indian exports, and investigates the role of supply-side bottlenecks in shaping India’s export demand relationship. We use disaggregated export volume data for 45 Indian industries over the period 1990-2013, as well as industry-specific international relative prices, for estimation. Our results indicate that Indian exports are sensitive to international relative-price competitiveness, world demand, and energy shortages. In addition, binding supply-side constraints (notably energy shortages) dampen price responsiveness in the short-term.

Elasticity (Economics) -- India. --- Exports -- India. --- India -- Supply and demand. --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- 'Panel Data Models --- Spatio-temporal Models' --- Industrialization --- Manufacturing and Service Industries --- Choice of Technology --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- Trade: General --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- International economics --- Exports --- Export performance --- Price elasticity --- Personal income --- Export prices --- International trade --- Prices --- National accounts --- Income --- India

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Anecdotal evidence suggests the existence of specific choke points in the global trade network revealed especially after natural disasters (e.g. hard drive components and Thailand flooding, Japanese auto components post-Fukushima, etc.). Using a highly disaggregated international trade database we assess the spillover effects of supply shocks from the import of specific goods. Our goal is to identify inherent vulnerabilities arising from the composition of a country’s import basket and to propose effective mitigation policies. First, using network analysis tools we develop a methodology for evaluating and ranking the supply fragility of individual traded goods. Next, we create a country-level measure to determine each country’s supply shock vulnerability based on the composition of their individual import baskets. This measure evaluates the potential negative supply shock spillovers from the import of each good.

International trade. --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Commerce --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- International trade --- E-books --- Exports and Imports --- Economic Theory --- Natural Disasters --- Classification Methods --- Cluster Analysis --- Principal Components --- Factor Models --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Trade: General --- International Policy Coordination and Transmission --- Network Formation and Analysis: Theory --- Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis --- Prices --- Climate --- Natural Disasters and Their Management --- Global Warming --- International economics --- Economic theory & philosophy --- Natural disasters --- Supply shocks --- Imports --- Exports --- Export performance --- Economic theory --- Environment --- Supply and demand --- Japan