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Renaissance Italians pioneered radical changes in ways of helping the poor, including orphanages, workhouses, pawnshops, and women's shelters. Nicholas Terpstra shows that gender was the key factor driving innovation. Most of the recipients of charity were women. The most creative new plans focused on features of women's poverty like illegitimate births, hunger, unemployment, and domestic violence. Signal features of the reforms, from forced labor to new instruments of saving and lending, were devised specifically to help young women get a start in life. Cultures of Charity is the first book to see women's poverty as the key factor driving changes to poor relief. These changes generated intense political debates as proponents of republican democracy challenged more elitist and authoritarian forms of government emerging at the time. Should taxes fund poor relief? Could forced labor help build local industry? Focusing on Bologna, Terpstra looks at how these fights around politics and gender generated pioneering forms of poor relief, including early examples of maternity benefits, unemployment insurance, food stamps, and credit union savings plans.
Charities --- Poor --- Women --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Alms and almsgiving --- Benevolent institutions --- Charitable institutions --- Endowed charities --- Institutions, Charitable and philanthropic --- Philanthropy --- Poor relief --- Private nonprofit social work --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Social service --- Endowments --- History. --- Economic conditions --- Societies, etc. --- Services for --- Bologna (Italy) --- Bononia (Italy) --- Bologne (Italy) --- Bolonia (Italy) --- Bononia Pinguis (Italy) --- Felsina (Italy) --- Social conditions.
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"After the Counter-Reformation, the Papal State of Bologna became a hub for the flourishing of female artistic talent. The eighteenth-century biographer Luigi Crespi recorded twenty-three women artists working in the city, although many of these, until recently, were lost and ignored by modern art criticism, despite the fame they attained during their lifetimes. What were the factors that contributed to Bologna's unique confluence of women with art, science, and religion? The Devout Hand explores the work of two generations of Italian women artists in Bologna, from Lavinia Fontana (1552-1614), whose career emerged during the aftermath of the Counter -Reformation, to her brilliant successor, Elisabetta Sirani (1638-1665), who organized the first school for women artists. Patricia Rocco further sheds light on Sirani's students and colleagues, including the little-known engraver Veronica Fontana and the innovative but understudied etcher Giuseppe Maria Mitelli. Combining analysis of iconography, patronage, gender, and reception studies, Rocco integrates painting, popular prints, book illustration, and embroidery to open a wider lens onto the relationship between women, virtue, and the visual arts during a period of religious crisis. A reminder of the lasting power of images, The Devout Hand highlights women's active role in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Christian reform and artistic production."--
Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Art --- History of civilization --- History of Italy --- sex role --- Italian Renaissance-Baroque styles --- Fontana, Veronica --- Mitelli, Giuseppe Maria --- Fontana, Lavinia --- Sirani, Elisabetta --- anno 1500-1599 --- anno 1600-1699 --- Bologna --- Art, Italian --- Italian art --- Bamboccianti (Group of artists) --- Corrente (Group of artists) --- Cracking Art (Group of artists) --- Fronte nuovo delle arti (Group of artists) --- Geometria e ricerca (Group of artists) --- Girasole (Group of artists) --- Gruppo 1 (Group of artists) --- Gruppo Aniconismo dialettico (Group of artists) --- Gruppo di Como (Group of artists) --- Gruppo di Scicli (Group of artists) --- Gruppo Enne (Group of artists) --- Gruppo Forma uno (Group of artists) --- Italiens de Paris (Group of artists) --- Mutus Liber (Group of artists) --- Novecento italiano (Group of artists) --- Nuovi-nuovi (Group of artists) --- Origine (Group of artists) --- Sei pittori di Torino (Group of artists) --- Transvisionismo (Group of artists) --- Bologna (Italy) --- Intellectual life --- History --- Papal States --- Bononia (Italy) --- Bologne (Italy) --- Bolonia (Italy) --- Bononia Pinguis (Italy) --- Felsina (Italy) --- cultuurgeschiedenis --- vrouwelijke kunstenaar
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This 1995 book analyses the social, political and religious roles of the confraternities - the lay groups through which Italians of the Renaissance expressed their individual and collective religious beliefs - in Bologna in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. These confraternities shaped the civic religious cult through charitable activities, public shrines and processions. This civic religious role expanded as the confraternities became politicised: patricians used the confraternities increasingly in order to control the civic religious cult, civic charity, and the city itself. The book examines in detail how confraternities initially provided laypeople of the artisanal and merchant classes with a means of expressing a religious life separate from, but not in opposition to, the local parish or mendicant house. By the mid-sixteenth century, artisans and merchants had few options beyond parochial confraternities which were controlled by parish priests.
History of Italy --- Christian church history --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Bologna --- Confraternities --- History --- -Sodalities --- Monasticism and religious orders --- -Bologna (Italy) --- -Italy --- Church history --- -Church history --- -Confraternities --- -History --- -History of Italy --- Bononia (Italy) --- Bologne (Italy) --- Bolonia (Italy) --- Bononia Pinguis (Italy) --- Felsina (Italy) --- Repubblica italiana (1946- ) --- Italian Republic (1946- ) --- Włochy --- Regno d'Italia (1861-1946) --- Iṭalyah --- Italia --- Italie --- Italien --- Italii︠a︡ --- Kgl. Italienische Regierung --- Königliche Italienische Regierung --- إيطاليا --- Īṭāliyā --- جمهورية الإيطالية --- Jumhūrīyah al-Īṭālīyah --- Італія --- Італьянская Рэспубліка --- Italʹi︠a︡nskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Италия --- Италианска република --- Italianska republika --- Ιταλία --- Ιταλική Δημοκρατία --- Italikē Dēmokratia --- 이탈리아 --- It'allia --- 이탈리아 공화국 --- It'allia Konghwaguk --- איטליה --- רפובליקה האיטלקית --- Republiḳah ha-Iṭalḳit --- Lýðveldið Ítalía --- Itālija --- Itālijas Republika --- Italijos Respublika --- Olaszország --- Olasz Köztársaság --- イタリア --- Itaria --- イタリア共和国 --- Itaria Kyōwakoku --- Italiya Respublikasi --- Италия Республикаси --- Italii︠a︡ Respublikasi --- Итальянская Республика --- Італійська Республіка --- Italiĭsʹka Respublika --- İtalya --- İtalya Cumhuriyeti --- איטאליע --- Iṭalye --- 意大利 --- Yidali --- 意大利共和国 --- Yidali Gongheguo --- Laško --- Sodalities --- Bologna (Italy) --- Italy --- 16th century --- Confraternities - Italy - Bologna - History - 16th century. --- Bologna (Italy) - Church history - 16th century. --- Arts and Humanities --- Confréries --- Histoire --- Bologne (Italie) --- Histoire religieuse
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Bologna is well known for its powerful university and notariate of the thirteenth century, but the fourteenth-century city is less studied. This work redresses the imbalance in scholarship by examining social and economic life at mid-fourteenth century, particularly during the epidemic of plague, the Black Death of 1348. Arguing against medieval chroniclers' accounts of massive social, political, and religious breakdown, this examination of the immediate experience of the epidemic, based on notarial records--including over a thousand testaments--demonstrates resilience during the crisis. The notarial record reveals the activities and decisions of large numbers of individuals and families in the city and provides a reconstruction of the behavior of clergy, medical practitioners, government and neighborhood officials, and notaries during the epidemic.
Black Death --Social aspects --Italy --Bologna --History --Sources. --- Black Death --Social aspects --Italy --Bologna --History. --- Bologna (Italy) --Economic conditions. --- Bologna (Italy) --History --To 1506. --- Bologna (Italy) --Social conditions. --- City and town life --Italy --Bologna --History --To 1500. --- Community life --Italy --Bologna --History --To 1500. --- Notaries --Italy --Bologna --History --To 1500. --- Parishes --Italy --Bologna --History --To 1500. --- Wills --Italy --Bologna --History --To 1500. --- Black Death --- Notaries --- Wills --- City and town life --- Community life --- Parishes --- Plague --- History, 15th Century --- History, Early Modern 1451-1600 --- Yersinia Infections --- Enterobacteriaceae Infections --- History --- Humanities --- Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections --- Bacterial Infections --- Bacterial Infections and Mycoses --- Diseases --- Infectious Diseases --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Social aspects --- History. --- Bologna (Italy) --- Social conditions. --- Economic conditions. --- City life --- Town life --- Urban life --- Codicils --- Notaries public --- Notary publics --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Bononia (Italy) --- Bologne (Italy) --- Bolonia (Italy) --- Bononia Pinguis (Italy) --- Felsina (Italy) --- Church polity --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Human ecology --- Sociology, Urban --- Inheritance and succession --- Legal instruments --- Registers of births, etc. --- Legacies --- Probate records --- Remainders (Estates) --- Justices of the peace --- Non-contentious jurisdiction --- Epidemics --- Medicine, Medieval --- Peste noire --- Notaires --- Testaments --- Vie urbaine --- Communauté --- Paroisses --- Aspect social --- Histoire --- Bologne (Italie) --- Social conditions --- Conditions sociales --- Conditions économiques --- Black Death. --- Black death --- City and town life. --- Community life. --- Economic history. --- History, 15th Century. --- MEDICAL --- Notaries. --- Parishes. --- Wills. --- Social aspects. --- Forensic Medicine. --- Preventive Medicine. --- Public Health. --- To 1506. --- Italy --- Italy. --- Economic conditions --- Black Death - Social aspects - Italy - Bologna - History --- Black Death - Social aspects - Italy - Bologna - History - Sources --- Notaries - Italy - Bologna - History - To 1500 --- Wills - Italy - Bologna - History - To 1500 --- City and town life - Italy - Bologna - History - To 1500 --- Community life - Italy - Bologna - History - To 1500 --- Parishes - Italy - Bologna - History - To 1500 --- Bologna (Italy) - History - To 1506 --- Bologna (Italy) - Social conditions --- Bologna (Italy) - Economic conditions
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