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International news-agencies, such as Reuters, the Associated Press and Agence France-Presse, have long been ‘unsung heroes’ of the media sphere. From the mid-nineteenth century, in Britain, the US, France and, to a lesser extent, Germany, a small number of agencies have fed their respective countries with international news reports. They informed governments, businesses, media and, indirectly, the general public. They helped define ‘news’. Drawing on years of archival research and first-hand experience of major news agencies, this book provides a comprehensive history of the leading news agencies based in the UK, France and the USA, from the early 1800s to the present day. It retraces their relations with one another, with competitors and clients, and the types of news, information and data they collected, edited and transmitted, via a variety of means, from carrier-pigeons to artificial intelligence. It examines the sometimes colourful biographies of agency newsmen, and the rise and fall of news agencies as markets and methods shifted, concluding by looking to the future of the organisations.

Journalism. --- Communication. --- Printing. --- Publishers and publishing. --- Media and Communication. --- Printing and Publishing. --- Communication, Primitive --- Mass communication --- Sociology --- Writing (Authorship) --- Literature --- Publicity --- Fake news --- Book publishing --- Books --- Book industries and trade --- Booksellers and bookselling --- Printing, Practical --- Typography --- Graphic arts --- Publishing

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Evelina, the first novel by Frances Burney, published in 1778, enjoys lasting popularity among the reading public. Tracing its publication history through 174 editions, adaptations, and reprints, many of them newly discovered and identified, this book demonstrates how the novel’s material embodiment in the form of the printed book has been reshaped by its publishers, recasting its content for new generations of readers. Four main chapters vividly describe how during 240 years, Evelina, a popular novel of manners, metamorphosed without any significant alterations to its text into a Regency “rambling” text, a romantic novel for “lecteurs délicats,” a cheap imprint for circulating libraries, a yellow-back, a book with a certain aesthetic cachet, a Christmas gift-book, finally becoming an integral part of the established literary canon in annotated scholarly editions. This book also focuses on the remodelling and transformation of the paratext in this novel, written by a woman author, by the heavily male-dominated publishing industry. Shorter Entr’acte sections discuss and describe alterations in the forms of Burney’s name and the title of her work, the omission and renaming of her authorial prefaces, and the redeployment of the publisher’s prefatorial apparatus to support particular editions throughout almost two-and-a-half centuries of the novel’s existence. Illustrated with reproductions of covers, frontispieces, and title pages, the book also provides an illuminating insight into the role of Evelina’s visual representation in its history as a marketable commodity, highlighting the existence of editions targeting various segments of the book market: from the upper-middle-class to mass-readership. The first comprehensive and fully updated bibliography of English and translated editions, adaptations, and reprints of Evelina published in 13 languages and scripts appears in an appendix.

Book history --- Graphics industry --- Literature --- History --- drukkerijen --- uitgeverijen --- uitgeven --- geschiedenis --- literatuur --- drukken --- boeken --- anno 1700-1799 --- Literature, Modern --- Economics and literature. --- Books --- Printing. --- Publishers and publishing. --- Eighteenth-Century Literature. --- Literature Business. --- History of the Book. --- Printing and Publishing. --- 18th century. --- History.

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Marginal Notes: Social Reading and the Literal Margins offers an account of literary marginalia based on original research from a range of unique archival sources, from mid-16th-century France to early 20th-century Tasmania. Chapters examine marginal commentary from 17th-century China, 18th-century Britain, and 19th-century America, investigating the reputations, as reflected by attentive readers, of He Zhou, Pierre Bayle, Samuel Johnson, Thomas Warton, and Sir Walter Scott. The marginal writers include Jacques Gohory, Mary Astell, Hester Thrale, Herman Melville, the young daughters of the Broome family in Gloucestershire, and the patrons of the library of the Huon Mechanics’ Institute. Though marginalia is often proscribed and frequently hidden or overlooked, the collection reveals the enduring power of marginalia, concluding with studies of the ethics of annotation and the resurrected life of marginalia in digital environments.

Book history --- Graphics industry --- Literature --- History --- drukkerijen --- uitgeverijen --- uitgeven --- geschiedenis --- literatuur --- literatuurgeschiedenis --- drukken --- boeken --- anno 1800-1899 --- anno 1900-1999 --- Books and reading --- History. --- Books --- Literature, Modern --- Printing. --- Publishers and publishing. --- History of the Book. --- Nineteenth-Century Literature. --- Printing and Publishing. --- Literary History. --- Appraisal of books --- Evaluation of literature --- Criticism --- Literary style --- Book publishing --- Book industries and trade --- Booksellers and bookselling --- Printing, Practical --- Typography --- Graphic arts --- 19th century. --- History and criticism. --- Appraisal --- Evaluation --- Publishing

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Key Terms in Comics Studies is a glossary of over 300 terms and critical concepts currently used in the Anglophone academic study of comics, including those from other languages that are currently adopted and used in English. Written by nearly 100 international and contemporary experts from the field, the entries are succinctly defined, exemplified, and referenced. The entries are 250 words or fewer, placed in alphabetical order, and explicitly cross-referenced to others in the book. Key Terms in Comics Studies is an invaluable tool for both students and established researchers alike.

Comic books, strips, etc. --- Graphic novels --- History and criticism. --- Comic book novels --- Fiction graphic novels --- Fictive graphic novels --- Graphic albums --- Graphic fiction --- Graphic nonfiction --- Graphic novellas --- Nonfiction graphic novels --- Fiction --- Popular literature --- Comic strips --- Comics --- Funnies --- Manga (Comic books, strips, etc.) --- Manhua (Comic books, strips, etc.) --- Manhwa (Comic books, strips, etc.) --- Serial picture books --- Caricatures and cartoons --- Wit and humor, Pictorial --- eenentwintigste eeuw --- graphic novels --- kunst --- 741.53 --- 741.51 --- beeldverhaal --- striptheorie --- stripgeschiedenis --- strips --- tekenkunst --- History and criticism --- Comic books, strips, etc --- Popular culture. --- Publishers and publishing. --- Book publishing --- Books --- Book industries and trade --- Booksellers and bookselling --- Culture, Popular --- Mass culture --- Pop culture --- Popular arts --- Communication --- Intellectual life --- Mass society --- Recreation --- Culture --- Publishing --- Manhua (Comic books) --- Manhwa (Comic books) --- Popular Culture. --- Printing. --- Literature, Modern --- Comics Studies. --- Printing and Publishing. --- Contemporary Literature. --- Influence on mass media. --- 20th century. --- 21st century. --- Printing, Practical --- Typography --- Graphic arts --- Literature --- Mass media --- Influence of comic books, strips, etc., on