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Social ethics --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Liberalism --- Perfection --- Social justice --- Equality --- Justice --- Flawlessness --- Perfection (Philosophy) --- Perfectionism (Philosophy) --- Virtuosity --- Wholeness --- Mysticism --- Philosophy --- Excellence --- Imperfection

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Die Frage nach der Einheit ist ein Grundproblem der Ontologie, denn die Art und Weise, wie Einheit bestimmt wird, charakterisiert und prägt jede Ontologie. Ein spezifisch ontologischer Zugang hat dabei beträchtliche Implikationen, die weit über den Bereich der theoretischen Ontologie hinaus Folgen für die Behandlung anthropologischer, ethischer und auch theologischer Fragen haben. Das Problem der Einheit, ihrer Kriterien und ihrer Erscheinungsweisen stellt sich für die Autoren dieses philosophischen Sammelbands in mehrfacher Hinsicht. Besondere Kontroversen löst vor allem die Frage nach der temporalen Einheit aus. Gibt es Einheit durch die Zeit? Wie plausibel ist die Annahme von "endurers"? Ist die Überzeugung, dass Personen durch ihre Lebenszeit hindurch dieselben bleiben, begründbar, oder ist diese Überzeugung nur ein lebensweltliches Vorurteil, das korrigiert werden muss? Welche Rolle spielen die Begriffe der Potenzialität, der Vermögen und Dispositionen in diesem Zusammenhang? Kann die (zeitliche) Einheit von Entitäten mit Hilfe dieser Begriffe ontologisch gedeutet werden?

Whole and parts (Philosophy) --- Time --- Change --- Hours (Time) --- Geodetic astronomy --- Nautical astronomy --- Horology --- Ganzheit (Philosophy) --- Mereology --- Totality (Philosophy) --- Unity (Philosophy) --- Wholeness --- Categories (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Ontology --- Catastrophical, The

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Philosophical anthropology --- Transcendence (Philosophy) --- Whole and parts (Philosophy) --- Ganzheit (Philosophy) --- Mereology --- Totality (Philosophy) --- Unity (Philosophy) --- Wholeness --- Categories (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Anthropology, Philosophical --- Man (Philosophy) --- Civilization --- Life --- Ontology --- Humanism --- Persons --- Philosophy of mind

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In Consciousness and Persons: Unity and Identity, Michael Tye takes on the thorny issue of the unity of consciousness and answers these important questions: What exactly is the unity of consciousness? Can a single person have a divided consciousness? What is a single person? Tye argues that unity is a fundamental part of human consciousness--something so basic to everyday experience that it is easy to overlook. For example, when we hear the sound of waves crashing on a beach and at the same time see a red warning flag, there is an overall unity to our experience; the sound and the red shape are presented together in our consciousness. Similarly, when we undergo a succession of thoughts as we think something through, there is an experience of succession that unifies the thoughts into a conscious whole. But, Tye shows, consciousness is not always unified. Split-brain subjects, whose corpus callosum has been severed, are usually taken to have a divided or disunified consciousness. Their behavior in certain situations implies that they have lost the unity normal human subjects take for granted; it is sometimes even supposed that a split-brain subject is really two persons. Tye begins his account by proposing an account of the unity of experience at a single time; this account is extended over the succeeding chapters to cover bodily sensations at a single time and perceptual experience, bodily sensations, conscious thoughts, and felt moods at a single time. Tye follows these chapters with a discussion of the unity of experience through time. Turning to the split-brain phenomenon, he proposes an account of the mental life of split-brain subjects and argues that certain facts about these subjects offer support for his theory of unity. Finally, addressing the topic of the nature of persons and personal identity, Tye finds the two great historical accounts--the ego theory and the bundle theory--lacking and he makes an alternative proposal. He includes an appendix on the general representational approach to consciousness and its many varieties, because of the relevance of representationalism to the theory of unity being adanced.

Consciousness --- Whole and parts (Philosophy) --- Philosophy & Religion --- Philosophy --- Ganzheit (Philosophy) --- Mereology --- Totality (Philosophy) --- Unity (Philosophy) --- Wholeness --- Categories (Philosophy) --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Psychology --- Spirit --- Self --- Consciousness. --- PHILOSOPHY/General --- COGNITIVE SCIENCES/General

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How perfectible is human nature as understood in Eastern and Western philosophy, psychology, and religion? Harold Coward examines some of the very different answers to this question. He poses that in Western thought, including philosophy, psychology, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, human nature is often understood as finite, flawed, and not perfectible—in religion requiring God's grace and the afterlife to reach the goal. By contrast, Eastern thought arising in India frequently sees human nature to be perfectible and presumes that we will be reborn until we realize the goal—the various yoga psychologies, philosophies, and religions of Hinduism and Buddhism being the paths by which one may perfect oneself and realize release from rebirth. Coward uses the striking differences in the assessment of how perfectible human nature is as the comparative focus for this book.

Philosophical anthropology. --- Perfection --- Perfection. --- Anthropology, Philosophical --- Man (Philosophy) --- Civilization --- Life --- Ontology --- Humanism --- Persons --- Philosophy of mind --- Holiness --- Righteousness --- Sanctification --- Flawlessness --- Perfection (Philosophy) --- Perfectionism (Philosophy) --- Virtuosity --- Wholeness --- Mysticism --- Philosophy --- Excellence --- Imperfection --- Religious aspects. --- Perfection - Religious aspects.