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"Negative Kausalität" bezeichnet ein hochkontroverses metaphysisches Problem. Können negative Entitäten wie Abwesenheiten oder das Nicht-Eintreten bestimmter Ereignisse Ursachen oder Ursachenfaktoren sein? Diese Frage steht im Schnittpunkt einer Reihe disziplinübergreifender Grundfragen: der Frage nach dem Wesen von Kausalität, der Frage nach der Natur von Handlungen und Ereignissen und der Frage nach der Beziehung zwischen Kausalität und normativer - moralischer und rechtlicher - Verantwortlichkeit. Die vorliegende Studie entwickelt im ersten Schritt eine Konzeption von negativer Kausalität ausgehend vom Sonderfall der handlungsförmigen negativen Kausalität, der Kausalität durch Unterlassen. In einem zweiten Schritt erkundet sie anhand des Ariadnefadens der Kausalität von Unterlassungen die terra incognita der Kausalität andersartiger "negativer Ereignisse" wie Abwesenheiten und Nicht-Ereignissen. In einem dritten Schritt zieht sie Konsequenzen für hartnäckige Probleme wie die Aufteilung der Kausalität beim Zusammentreffen mehrer negativer Ursachen.

Causation. --- Absence. --- Causality. --- Nothingness, philosophically. --- Omission. --- Responsibility.

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Written by philosophers, cosmologists, and physicists, this collection of essays deals with causality, which is a core issue for both science and philosophy. Readers will learn about different types of causality in complex systems and about new perspectives on this issue based on physical and cosmological considerations. In addition, the book includes essays pertaining to the problem of causality in ancient Greek philosophy, and to the problem of God's relation to the causal structures of nature viewed in the light of contemporary physics and cosmology.

Causality (Physics) --- Cosmology. --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Causality --- Heisenberg uncertainty principle --- Nuclear physics --- Physics --- Quantum theory --- Philosophy

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The content of the volume is divided as follows: after presenting two rival approaches to substantiality and causality: a traditional (ontological) view vs. a transcendental one (Rosiak) there follow two sections: the first presents studies of substance as showing some causal aspects (Buchheim, Keinänen, Kovac, Piwowarczyk), whereas the other contains investigations of causality showing in a way its reference to the category of substance (Kobiela, Meixner, Mitscherling, Wroński). The last, short section contains two studies ofextension (Leszczyński and Skowron) which can be regarded as a conceptual background of both substantiality and causality. The book gives a very colourful picture of the discussions connected with substantiality and causality which may be of potential interest for the readers.

Metaphysics --- Substance (Philosophy) --- Causation. --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Philosophy --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Matter --- Ontology --- Reality --- Causality. --- Common Cause Principle. --- Substantiality.

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Head hits cause brain damage - but not always. Should we ban sport to protect athletes? Exposure to electromagnetic fields is strongly associated with cancer development - does that mean exposure causes cancer? Should we encourage old fashioned communication instead of mobile phones to reduce cancer rates? According to popular wisdom, the Mediterranean diet keeps you healthy. Is this belief scientifically sound? Should public health bodies encourage consumption offresh fruit and vegetables? Severe financial constraints on research and public policy, media pressure, and public anxiety make such questions of immense current concern not just to pholosphers but to scientists, governments, public bodies, and the general public.

Philosophy of science --- Science --- Causation --- Causality --- Philosophy --- Causation. --- Causality. --- Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten --- Kausalität --- Vetenskapsteori. --- Kausalitet. --- Philosophy. --- Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten. --- Kausalität. --- Filosofía --- Causalidad --- Science - Philosophy --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Normal science

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Logic --- Causation --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Causation. --- Causalité