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Rome --- History --- Histoire --- Rome ancienne --- --Origines --- --Rome --- Origines

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Chemical evolution --- Life --- Evolution chimique --- Vie --- Origin --- Origines --- Molecular evolution.

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Based on epigraphic and other material evidence as well as more traditional literary sources and critical review of the extensive relevant scholarship, this book presents a comprehensive and innovative reconstruction of the rise of Islam as a religion and imperial polity. It reassesses the development of the imperial monotheism of the New Rome, and considers the history of the Arabs as an integral part of Late Antiquity, including Arab ethnogenesis and the emergence of what was to become Muslim monotheism, comparable with the emergence of other monotheisms from polytheistic systems. Topics discussed include the emergence and development of the Muhammadan polity and its new cultic deity and associated ritual, the constitution of the Muslim canon, and the development of early Islam as an imperial religion. Intended principally for scholars of Late Antiquity, Islamic studies and the history of religions, the book opens up many novel directions for future research.

Islam --- History --- Origin. --- Histoire --- Origines --- Ancient --- General. --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- Origin --- Antiquity

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Language and languages --- Historical linguistics. --- Science --- Langage et langues --- Linguistique historique --- Sciences --- Origin --- History. --- Origines --- Histoire

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The contributions to this volume reflect the state of the art in the renewed discussion on the origin of language. Some of the most important specialists in the field - life scientists and linguists - primarily examine two aspects of the question: the origin of the language faculty and the evolution of the first language. At stake is the relation between nature and culture and between universality and historical particularity as well as cognition, communication, and the very essence of language.

Origin of languages --- Language and languages --- Speech --- Origin. --- Origin --- Historical linguistics --- Langage et langues --- Origines