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History of Europe --- Public finance --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- EUR / Europe - Europa --- 334.151.20 --- 336.01 --- 331.161.0 --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden. --- Overheidsbemoeiing op economisch gebied. --- Geschiedenis van de overheidsfinanciën: agemeenheden. --- Geschiedenis van de overheidsfinanciën: agemeenheden --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden --- Overheidsbemoeiing op economisch gebied --- Debts, Public --- Debts, Public. --- Economic history. --- Kreditwürdigkeit --- Staat --- Öffentliche Schulden. --- Statsskuld --- Ekonomisk historia. --- Europäische Integration --- Europapolitik --- Öffentliche Schulden --- Finanzpolitik --- Geschichte --- EU-Staaten --- Europa --- History. --- historia. --- Europe --- Europa. --- Europe. --- Economic conditions. --- Kreditwürdigkeit.

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"Governments today in both Europe and the United States have succeeded in casting government spending as reckless wastefulness that has made the economy worse. In contrast, they have advanced a policy of draconian budget cuts--austerity--to solve the financial crisis. We are told that we have all lived beyond our means and now need to tighten our belts. This view conveniently forgets where all that debt came from. Not from an orgy of government spending, but as the direct result of bailing out, recapitalizing, and adding liquidity to the broken banking system. Through these actions private debt was rechristened as government debt while those responsible for generating it walked away scot free, placing the blame on the state, and the burden on the taxpayer. That burden now takes the form of a global turn to austerity, the policy of reducing domestic wages and prices to restore competitiveness and balance the budget. The problem, according to political economist Mark Blyth, is that austerity is a very dangerous idea. First of all, it doesn't work. As the past four years and countless historical examples from the last 100 years show, while it makes sense for any one state to try and cut its way to growth, it simply cannot work when all states try it simultaneously: all we do is shrink the economy. In the worst case, austerity policies worsened the Great Depression and created the conditions for seizures of power by the forces responsible for the Second World War: the Nazis and the Japanese military establishment. As Blyth amply demonstrates, the arguments for austerity are tenuous and the evidence thin. Rather than expanding growth and opportunity, the repeated revival of this dead economic idea has almost always led to low growth along with increases in wealth and income inequality. Austerity demolishes the conventional wisdom, marshaling an army of facts to demand that we austerity for what it is, and what it costs us."--Amazon website.

Debts, Public --- Budget deficits --- Financial crises --- Economic policy --- Fiscal policy --- Economic development --- Income --- Debts, Public. --- Budget deficits. --- Financial crises. --- Economic policy. --- Fiscal policy. --- Economic development. --- Income. --- Dettes publiques --- Déficit budgétaire --- Crises financières --- Revenu --- 331.01 --- 338.124.4 --- 336 --- Deficits, Budget --- Evolutie van de economische cycli. --- Conjunctuurtheorie. Hoogconjunctuur. Laagconjunctuur. Depressie. Recessie. Crisis --- 338.124.4 Conjunctuurtheorie. Hoogconjunctuur. Laagconjunctuur. Depressie. Recessie. Crisis --- Déficit budgétaire --- Crises financières --- Politique économique --- Politique fiscale --- Développement économique --- 331.31 --- 336.61 --- 336.401 --- 336.451 --- 338.22 --- 336.1 --- Family income --- Fortunes --- Household income --- Personal income --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Debts, Government --- Government debts --- National debts --- Public debt --- Public debts --- Sovereign debt --- 336.1 Public finance, government finance in general --- Public finance, government finance in general --- 338.22 Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek --- Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek --- Crashes, Financial --- Crises, Financial --- Financial crashes --- Financial panics --- Panics (Finance) --- Stock exchange crashes --- Stock market panics --- Economisch beleid. --- Financieel beleid. --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie. --- Begrotingsjaren en begrotingsstaten. Rijksmiddelenbegroting. Begrotingstekort. --- Government policy --- BPB9999 --- Economics --- Finance --- Property --- Wealth --- Gross national product --- Profit --- Purchasing power --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Finance, Public --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Budget --- Deficit financing --- Crises --- Debt --- Bonds --- Evolutie van de economische cycli --- Economisch beleid --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie --- Begrotingsjaren en begrotingsstaten. Rijksmiddelenbegroting. Begrotingstekort --- Financieel beleid --- Money market. Capital market --- International finance --- Business cycles --- BPB1811 --- Dette publique --- Compétitivité --- Crise financière --- Politique économique --- Overheidsschuld --- Concurrentievermogen --- Financiële crisis --- Economie (internationaal) --- politika ekonomike --- økonomisk politik --- majanduspoliitika --- hospodárska politika --- hospodářská politika --- política económica --- икономическа политика --- polityka gospodarcza --- ekonomikas politika --- ekonomisk politik --- Wirtschaftspolitik --- gazdaságpolitika --- talouspolitiikka --- economisch beleid --- οικονομική πολιτική --- beartas eacnamaíoch --- politică economică --- politica economica --- politika ekonomika --- economic policy --- ekonomska politika --- економска политика --- ekonominė politika --- wirtschaftspolitische Leitlinien --- ekonomisk inriktning --- hospodářské rozhodování --- escolha económica --- opzione economica --- gazdaságpolitikai elképzelések --- ekonomický prístup --- gestión económica --- gazdasági megközelítés --- orientamento economico --- taloudellinen lähestymistapa --- majanduslik lähenemisviis --- ekonomisk kurs --- gazdaságpolitikai döntés --- економски пристап --- ekonomiskt val --- obiettivo economico --- economische keuze --- opțiune economică --- Globalsteuerung der Wirtschaft --- qasje ekonomike --- wirtschaftspolitische Entscheidung --- gazdaságpolitikai iránymutatás --- choix économique --- orientation économique --- ekonominis pasirinkimas --- decisione economica --- orientação económica --- ekonomiskā izvēle --- økonomisk kurs --- ekonomický přístup --- стопанска политика --- økonomisk valg --- opción económica --- ekonomická volba --- ekonomiskā pieeja --- wirtschaftliche Zielvorstellungen --- οικονομική επιλογή --- obiectiv economic --- ekonomická politika --- economische koers --- metody řízení národního hospodářství --- ekonomická voľba --- ekonomski pristup --- taloudellinen valinta --- majanduslik valik --- zgjedhje ekonomike --- scelta economica --- economic approach --- οικονομικός προσανατολισμός --- ekonominis požiūris --- gospodarska politika --- economic choice --- iomaíochas --- competitiveness --- Wettbewerbsfähigkeit --- konkurenčnost --- concurrentievermogen --- konkurentnost --- конкурентност --- kilpailukyky --- konkurenceschopnost --- competitividad --- konkurrueshmëri --- ανταγωνιστικότητα --- konkurencingumas --- konkurrenskraft --- konkurencyjność --- konkurentsivõime --- kompetittività --- versenyképesség --- competitividade --- competitività --- competitivitate --- konkurētspēja --- konkurencieschopnosť --- konkurrenceevne --- конкурентен производ --- правила за конкурентност --- конкурентска предност --- способност за настап на претпријатијата --- фер однос на пазарот --- overheidsschuld --- borxhi publik --- javni dug --- fiachas poiblí --- δημόσιο χρέος --- valstybės skola --- offentlig gæld --- dívida pública --- statsskuld --- valsts parāds --- riigivõlg --- veřejný dluh --- javni dolg --- štátny dlh --- dejn pubbliku --- datorie publică --- јавен долг --- öffentliche Schulden --- јавни дуг --- обществен дълг --- deuda pública --- julkinen velka --- államadósság --- public debt --- dług publiczny --- debito pubblico --- státní dluh --- nacionalinė skola --- државен долг --- емисија на јавниот долг --- šalies skola --- задолжување на државата --- valtion velka --- statsgæld --- valitsemissektori võlg --- öffentliche Schuld --- valdības parāds --- government debt --- амортизација на јавниот долг --- debito fluttuante --- vládní dluh --- nacionalni dug --- národný dlh --- nemzeti adósság --- datorie națională --- national debt --- valtionvelka --- vyriausybės skola --- vládny dlh --- debito redimibile --- indebitamento del settore pubblico --- вкупен обем на јавниот долг --- нето јавен долг --- titoli del debito pubblico --- avaliku sektori võlg --- borxh kombëtar --- državni dug --- datorie guvernamentală --- borxh shtetëror --- бруто јавен долг --- národní dluh --- Compétitivité

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This study presents the facts, arguments and scenarios around public debt from a global perspective. Especially the largest economies feature record debt and fiscal risks, including from population ageing and financial imbalances. Given low interest rates, there is no imminent problem. But at some point, debt will have to come down. There are four possible scenarios how debt could come down. First, governments could economise and reform. Second, governments could default. Third, governments could erode the real value of debt via inflation and negative real interest rates. However, this scenario cannot continue forever. Policy errors can prompt a loss of confidence, destabilisation and crisis. This fourth scenario last included the largest economies in the 1970s. It would become a major global challenge if it were to happen again in today's interconnected world.

public debt --- loss --- economic recession --- economy --- interest --- Crise économique --- Dette publique --- Pertes économiques --- Conditions économiques --- Intérêts --- intérêt --- ränta --- palūkanos --- procenti --- dobândă --- Zins --- kamata --- úrok --- τόκος --- imgħax --- intress --- obresti --- korko --- odsetki --- juro --- interes --- kamat --- камата --- interés --- rente --- интерес --- ús --- interesse --- norma e interesit --- intressimäär --- úroková sazba --- räntefot --- räntesats --- каматна стапка --- palūkanų norma --- úroková sadzba --- tipo de interés --- procentu likme --- kamatláb --- rentesats --- interest rate --- επιτόκιο --- kamatna stopa --- Zinsfuß --- úroková míra --- rata dobânzii --- taxa de juro --- Zinssatz --- rentevoet --- taux d'intérêt --- tasso d'interesse --- saggio d'interesse --- hospodářství --- économie --- икономика --- talous --- gospodarka --- geilleagar --- economia --- majandus --- hospodárstvo --- ekonomika --- economie --- Wirtschaft --- gazdaság --- økonomi --- οικονομία --- привреда --- gospodarstvo --- економија --- ekonomija --- ekonomi --- economía --- ekonomikos mokslas --- gazdálkodás --- стопанство --- економска рецесија --- rënie ekonomike --- ekonomikas lejupslīde --- recesiune economică --- Rezession --- икономическа рецесия --- ekonomikos nuosmukis --- ekonomska recesija --- economische recessie --- hospodářská recese --- gospodarska recesija --- økonomisk recession --- gazdasági recesszió --- recessione economica --- cúlú eacnamaíoch --- talouden taantuma --- récession économique --- reċessjoni ekonomika --- recession --- οικονομική ύφεση --- привредна рецесија --- recesión económica --- majanduslangus --- recesja gospodarcza --- recessão económica --- hospodárska recesia --- decelerazione della crescita economica --- økonomisk afmatning --- bankovna kriza --- criză economică --- hospodářská deprese --- krizë ekonomike --- ekonominės padėties blogėjimas --- deterioramento dell'economia --- desaceleración de la economía --- zhoršení hospodářství --- deterioração da economia --- détérioration de l'économie --- talouden laskusuhdanne --- crisi economica --- економска криза --- majanduse madalseis --- ekonomisk recession --- forringelse af økonomien --- wirtschaftliche Depression --- lågkonjunktur --- majanduse halvenemine --- gazdasági depresszió --- økonomisk depression --- depresion ekonomik --- hospodářská krize --- lama --- økonomisk krise --- hospodárska kríza --- economische crisis --- verval van de economie --- Verschlechterung der Wirtschaft --- konjunkturální krize --- crise économique --- përkeqësim i ekonomisë --- zastavení hospodářského růstu --- economic crisis --- Konjunkturkrise --- οικονομική καταστροφή --- depresión económica --- ekonominė krizė --- глобална финансиска криза --- deterioration of the economy --- cúlú eacnamaíochta --- hospodársky pokles --- økonomisk tilbagegang --- economische depressie --- ekonomska depresija --- κατάρρευση της οικονομίας --- majanduskriis --- crise económica --- gazdasági válság --- contracción económica --- lavkonjunktur --- ekonomisk kris --- οικονομική κρίση --- depressão económica --- financijska kriza --- dépression économique --- економска депресија --- ekonomický útlum --- depression --- a gazdaság hanyatlása --- depressione economica --- úpadok hospodárstva --- stagnace --- ekonominis nuosmukis --- talouskriisi --- pokles konjunktury --- crisis económica --- ekonomiskā krīze --- Rückgang der Konjunktur --- economic depression --- försämring av ekonomin --- ekonomisk depression --- Wirtschaftskrise --- επιδείνωση της οικονομίας --- ekonomska kriza --- hanyatló gazdaság --- konjunkturnedgång --- ekonomiskās situācijas pasliktināšanās --- загуба --- zaudējums --- underskott --- underskud --- ztráta --- kahjum --- дефицит --- deficyt --- pierdere --- vajaus --- strata --- déficit --- défice --- izguba --- έλλειμμα --- telf --- disavanzo --- tekort --- humbje --- Defizit --- губитак --- deficit --- nuostoliai --- caillteanas --- Fehlbetrag --- губиток --- Verlust --- gubitak --- manjak --- veszteség --- overheidsschuld --- borxhi publik --- javni dug --- fiachas poiblí --- δημόσιο χρέος --- valstybės skola --- offentlig gæld --- dívida pública --- statsskuld --- valsts parāds --- riigivõlg --- veřejný dluh --- javni dolg --- štátny dlh --- dejn pubbliku --- datorie publică --- јавен долг --- öffentliche Schulden --- јавни дуг --- обществен дълг --- deuda pública --- julkinen velka --- államadósság --- dette publique --- dług publiczny --- debito pubblico --- státní dluh --- nacionalinė skola --- државен долг --- емисија на јавниот долг --- šalies skola --- задолжување на државата --- valtion velka --- statsgæld --- valitsemissektori võlg --- öffentliche Schuld --- valdības parāds --- government debt --- амортизација на јавниот долг --- debito fluttuante --- vládní dluh --- nacionalni dug --- národný dlh --- nemzeti adósság --- datorie națională --- national debt --- valtionvelka --- vyriausybės skola --- vládny dlh --- debito redimibile --- indebitamento del settore pubblico --- вкупен обем на јавниот долг --- нето јавен долг --- titoli del debito pubblico --- avaliku sektori võlg --- borxh kombëtar --- državni dug --- datorie guvernamentală --- borxh shtetëror --- бруто јавен долг --- národní dluh --- Debts, Public. --- Fiscal policy. --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Debts, Government --- Government debts --- National debts --- Public debt --- Public debts --- Sovereign debt --- Debt --- Bonds --- Deficit financing --- Government policy

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Hommage de l'auteur

BPB1609 --- Banque centrale européenne --- Dette publique --- Union européenne --- Récession économique --- Endettement --- geschiedenis --- banque centrale europeenne --- monnaie --- openbare schuld --- Europese centrale bank --- Overheidsschuld --- Europese unie --- Economische recessie --- Schuldenlast --- histoire --- europese centrale bank --- dette publique --- 331.30 --- Economische toestand. --- Capitalism --- Economics --- Capitalisme --- Economie politique --- European Union countries --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- Conditions économiques --- Politique économique --- E-books --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Conditions économiques --- Politique économique --- економска рецесија --- rënie ekonomike --- ekonomikas lejupslīde --- recesiune economică --- Rezession --- икономическа рецесия --- ekonomikos nuosmukis --- ekonomska recesija --- economische recessie --- hospodářská recese --- gospodarska recesija --- økonomisk recession --- gazdasági recesszió --- recessione economica --- economic recession --- talouden taantuma --- reċessjoni ekonomika --- recession --- οικονομική ύφεση --- привредна рецесија --- recesión económica --- majanduslangus --- recesja gospodarcza --- recessão económica --- cúlú eacnamaíochta --- hospodárska recesia --- decelerazione della crescita economica --- økonomisk afmatning --- bankovna kriza --- criză economică --- hospodářská deprese --- krizë ekonomike --- ekonominės padėties blogėjimas --- deterioramento dell'economia --- desaceleración de la economía --- zhoršení hospodářství --- deterioração da economia --- détérioration de l'économie --- talouden laskusuhdanne --- crisi economica --- економска криза --- majanduse madalseis --- ekonomisk recession --- forringelse af økonomien --- wirtschaftliche Depression --- lågkonjunktur --- majanduse halvenemine --- gazdasági depresszió --- økonomisk depression --- depresion ekonomik --- hospodářská krize --- lama --- økonomisk krise --- hospodárska kríza --- economische crisis --- verval van de economie --- Verschlechterung der Wirtschaft --- konjunkturální krize --- crise économique --- përkeqësim i ekonomisë --- zastavení hospodářského růstu --- economic crisis --- Konjunkturkrise --- οικονομική καταστροφή --- depresión económica --- ekonominė krizė --- глобална финансиска криза --- deterioration of the economy --- hospodársky pokles --- økonomisk tilbagegang --- economische depressie --- ekonomska depresija --- κατάρρευση της οικονομίας --- majanduskriis --- crise económica --- gazdasági válság --- contracción económica --- lavkonjunktur --- ekonomisk kris --- οικονομική κρίση --- depressão económica --- financijska kriza --- dépression économique --- економска депресија --- ekonomický útlum --- depression --- a gazdaság hanyatlása --- depressione economica --- úpadok hospodárstva --- stagnace --- ekonominis nuosmukis --- talouskriisi --- pokles konjunktury --- crisis económica --- ekonomiskā krīze --- Rückgang der Konjunktur --- economic depression --- försämring av ekonomin --- ekonomisk depression --- Wirtschaftskrise --- επιδείνωση της οικονομίας --- ekonomska kriza --- hanyatló gazdaság --- konjunkturnedgång --- ekonomiskās situācijas pasliktināšanās --- Europese Unie --- Europska unija --- União Europeia --- Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση --- Európska únia --- Európai Unió --- Europäische Union --- Europos Sąjunga --- Evropská unie --- Европска унија --- Unjoni Ewropea --- Европейски съюз --- Europeiska unionen --- European Union --- Euroopan unioni --- Eiropas Savienība --- Unión Europea --- Evropska unija --- Unia Europejska --- Unione europea --- Uniunea Europeană --- Den Europæiske Union --- Европска Унија --- Euroopa Liit --- an tAontas Eorpach --- Bashkimi Europian --- Sąjungos institucija --- Sąjungos teisė --- právo Únie --- νόμος της Ένωσης --- Savienības tiesības --- wet van de Unie --- legge dell'Unione --- Europæisk Union --- unionslagstiftning --- atto dell'Unione --- AE --- loi de l'Union --- EU --- e drejta e Bashkimit --- ЕУ --- lege a Uniunii Europene --- Union law --- overheidsschuld --- borxhi publik --- javni dug --- fiachas poiblí --- δημόσιο χρέος --- valstybės skola --- offentlig gæld --- dívida pública --- statsskuld --- valsts parāds --- riigivõlg --- veřejný dluh --- javni dolg --- štátny dlh --- dejn pubbliku --- datorie publică --- јавен долг --- öffentliche Schulden --- јавни дуг --- обществен дълг --- deuda pública --- julkinen velka --- államadósság --- public debt --- dług publiczny --- debito pubblico --- státní dluh --- nacionalinė skola --- државен долг --- емисија на јавниот долг --- šalies skola --- задолжување на државата --- valtion velka --- statsgæld --- valitsemissektori võlg --- öffentliche Schuld --- valdības parāds --- government debt --- амортизација на јавниот долг --- debito fluttuante --- vládní dluh --- nacionalni dug --- národný dlh --- nemzeti adósság --- datorie națională --- national debt --- valtionvelka --- vyriausybės skola --- vládny dlh --- debito redimibile --- indebitamento del settore pubblico --- вкупен обем на јавниот долг --- нето јавен долг --- titoli del debito pubblico --- avaliku sektori võlg --- borxh kombëtar --- državni dug --- datorie guvernamentală --- borxh shtetëror --- бруто јавен долг --- národní dluh --- Europese Centrale Bank --- Banco Central Europeu --- Европска централна банка --- European Central Bank --- Ευρωπαϊκή Κεντρική Τράπεζα --- Europos Centrinis Bankas --- il-Bank Ċentrali Ewropew --- Európska centrálna banka --- Banca centrale europea --- Den Europæiske Centralbank --- An Banc Ceannais Eorpach --- Banka Qendrore Europiane --- Europäische Zentralbank --- Europska središnja banka --- Европейска централна банка --- Europejski Bank Centralny --- Euroopa Keskpank --- Eiropas Centrālā banka --- Európai Központi Bank --- Evropska centralna banka --- Banco Central Europeo --- Banca Centrală Europeană --- Europeiska centralbanken --- Euroopan keskuspankki --- Evropská centrální banka --- EZB --- EKT --- ECB --- Evropská ústřední banka --- EBC --- EKP --- EKB --- ústřední banka --- BĊE --- BQE --- ЕЦБ --- Europos centrinis bankas --- BCE --- задолженост --- eladósodás --- endividamento --- velkaantuneisuus --- schuldenlast --- Verschuldung --- zadlženosť --- zadolženost --- gældsætning --- zadluženost --- endeudamiento --- parādsaistības --- võlgnevus --- indebitamento --- gjendje debitore --- zadłużenie --- χρέος --- įsiskolinimas --- indebtedness --- îndatorare --- zaduženost --- skuldsättning --- tidjin --- задуженост --- задълженост --- eladósodottság --- обврски --- zadlužení --- δανεισμός --- Schulden --- Economische toestand --- Banque centrale européenne --- Union européenne --- Récession économique --- cúlú eacnamaíoch --- féichiúnas