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Political science --- Science politique

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German scientist Theodore Vogel (1812-1841) joined an 1841 expedition to the Niger as its chief botanist. He died in the course of the journey, though not before taking extensive notes about the plants that he encountered. His botanical collection and diary were passed to the botanist William Jackson Hooker (1785-1865), who had been appointed as the first full-time director of Kew Gardens in the same year. Hooker edited Vogel's diary and observations and the resulting work, Niger Flora, was published in 1849. Because Vogel's period in West Africa was cut short by his untimely death, much of the work looks at the flora of the places the expedition stopped at along the way - Madeira, Tenerife and the Cape Verde islands, before giving details - including numerous illustrations - about west African plants. The works also includes observations on African flora by other botanists, including Joseph Dalton Hooker, William's son.

Botany --- Science

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Science. --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Periodicals --- Life Sciences --- General and Others

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Political science. --- Freedom of religion.

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Covering a wide area of the London and Hampshire basins, the London Clay has been famous for over two hundred years as one of the richest Eocene strata in the country. In this work, first published between 1849 and 1858, Fellows of the Royal Society Richard Owen (1804-92) and Thomas Bell (1792-1880) describe their findings from among the reptilian fossils found there. The book is divided into four parts, covering chelonian, crocodilian, lacertilian and ophidian fossils, and includes an extensive section of detailed illustrations. Using his characteristic 'bone to bone' method and an emphasis on taxonomy, Owen draws some significant conclusions; he shows that some of Cuvier's classifications were wrongly extended to marine turtles, and adds to the evidence for an Eocene period much warmer than the present. The work is a fascinating example of pre-Darwinian palaeontology by two scientists later much involved in the evolutionary controversy.

Reptiles, Fossil --- Paleontology --- Nature --- Science