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"Just forty years ago, that is in 1878--when I began lecturing on Psychology--the plan of this book was laid down. As the lectures proceeded, abstracts of some of them were privately printed for discussion at a Moral Sciences Club, in which some other Cambridge books also took their rise. The first two of these abstracts, written in 1880, were afterwards reproduced without revision in the American Journal of Speculative Philosophy for 1882-1883, one corresponding to the present chapter II, and the other, entitled 'Objects and their Interaction, ' to parts of the present chapters IV-VII. A third on Space and Time, written in 1881, was rejected by the late G. Croom Robertson the editor of Mind, as too difficult and revolutionary for publication as it stood. But afterwards he accepted and published what were to have been the two opening chapters of a book bearing the same title as this. Other chapters were to follow, but circumstances diverted them elsewhere. I have done my best in the text and still more in notes to place a studious reader au courant with the psychological literature of the present day. But there is a psychology which arrogates to itself the title of 'new.' New it undoubtedly is, and there are signs that in its present form it will not long survive. In any case it is not psychology--save in so far as it occasionally furnishes the psychologist with material of some value. As a method in the hands of psychologists it has done some good: as a pretended science in the hands of tyros whose psychological training has not even begun, it has done infinite harm. This book, however, is not so antiquated as to ignore altogether the character and claims of this 'modern' psychology, as the reader may see"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychology.

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Psychology

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"The present work aims to bring systematic order into the crowd of facts concerning our mental life revealed by analysis of ordinary experience. Psychology is the most empirical of the sciences; and of all the branches of Psychology what is commonly though inaccurately called the introspective is most immersed in matter-of-fact. Its function is to describe, analyse, and arrange. In this respect it is contrasted with what is called the Genetic or Synthetic Method, which instead of attempting merely to ascertain and define the processes of the developed consciousness, proposes to itself the task of tracing the evolution of mind from its lowest to its highest planes. When I first planned the present work, I found myself baffled in the attempt to follow the genetic order of treatment without a preparatory analysis of the developed consciousness. Our knowledge of mental processes, as we can observe and infer them in our own ordinary experience, is essential as a clue to the nature of mental process at lower levels. I therefore found myself driven to pave the way for genetic treatment by a previous analytic investigation; and the result was the present work. Chapters VIII., IX., X., and XI. in book II have already appeared as articles in the pages of Mind. They have in each instance been greatly expanded and altered, so that they may be considered as virtually new. The general Introduction is an expansion and modification of a paper printed in the Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society on "The Scope and Method of Psychology". The chapter on "Relative Suggestion" appeared in the Proceedings of the Society for 1895"

Psychology. --- Psychology.

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Psychology considered as the science of human behavior is concerned with man's response to the impressions made upon him by objects, people, and events. They make up the situations that he meets. Behavior--the individual's way of dealing with these situations--if not a complete failure, results finally in some sort of adjustment to the conditions in which one lives; and this adjustment culminates in social and moral habits, in habits of work, in ways of thinking and acting; in short, in habits of life. And through all the adapting process runs the influence of physiological conditions, and the effect of their changes caused by the manner of life and the advance of years. The adjustment may be mechanical and rigid, insensible to misfits, without power to readjust as conditions alter; or, again, it may be flexible and adaptive--capable of new adjustments as circumstances change. This adjustment represents the capacity of man for achievement. It is his efficiency--the strategy and tactics of life. It is well, then, from time to time to take an inventory of stock and try to discover the significance of the facts and principles of human behavior which investigation has revealed. Concerning the more common matters of every-day life, however, psychologists have offered relatively little of interpretative value. Yet these experiences make up the day's work. They determine its quantity and quality. Much has been written about making others efficient, but comparatively little about one's own method of thinking, working, and acting. Yet knowing oneself reaches far into success and failure; and there is no other way of understanding the behavior of others. It is, therefore, in the hope of interpreting a few of these personal experiences of daily life that this book is written. The topics that could be discussed extend far beyond the limits of a single volume. The choice, of course, is largely personal, but the writer has tried to select types of conduct, as well as phases and causes of behavior, that are fundamental to thinking and acting, whether in the life of social intercourse or in the business and professional world. And, after all, thinking and acting determine achievement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychology, Applied.

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Educational psychology.